渭河(陕西段)河道生态需水量估算

以河道生态系统为基点,考虑最原始的河道生态系统的结构和功能,结合渭河河道的水文特点,认为渭河河道的生态需水包括两方面:河流的基本生态基流量为3.579455亿m3;河流输沙需水量为38.1424亿m3。河流基本生态基流量以早期未遭到人类破坏的河流(渭河1963-1983年)最小月平均实测径流量的多年平均值作为基准;河流输沙需水量以多年平均输沙量与多年最大月平均含沙量的平均值的比值来计算。渭河河道的生态需水合计为41.711亿m3。

The primary estimation of ecological water requirement of Weihe river in Guanzhong region,Shaanxi Province,China

According to the original structure and function of lotic ecosystem and the hydrological feature of Weihe river,the ecological water requirement of Weihe river include both ecological water requirement for maintaining basic flows of river system and for preventing sedimentation of river system in Guanzhong region was calculated.The monthly minimum flow of the average of many years was regarded as the ecological water requirement for maintaining basic flows of river system.The calculation of ecological water requirement for preventing sedimentation of river system was according to the ratio between averagely conveying sediments amounts for many years and average amount of the year maximal sediments content coming from the headwaters for many years.Ecological water requirement for maintaining basic flows of river system is 0.3579455 billion cubic meter and ecological water requirement for preventing sedimentation of river system is 3.81424 billion cubic meter.Combined with the available data,the ecological water requirement is 4.1711 billion cubic meter in Guangzhong region,Shaanxi Province.