流域气候变化和人类活动对内陆湖泊影响的分析

近几十年来干旱和半干旱地区的内陆湖泊发生了巨大的变化,有的出现了面积萎缩和水位下降,有的水位和面积保持稳定,有的消失;博斯腾湖是我国最大的内陆淡水湖,青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖;因此,研究其流域气候变化和人类活动对湖泊的影响具有代表性,对更好保护内陆湖泊,合理利用湖泊水资源具有重要的意义。利用1958-2000年流域降水和温度的资料和灌溉引水量的资料,采用年代对比、距平百分率、滑动平均曲线方法分析了气候变化和人类活动对博斯腾湖和青海湖的影响。分析结果表明气候变化是湖泊水位变化的主要原因;人类活动对博斯腾湖水位变化有一定的影响,而对青海湖水位变化的影响微弱。

Analysis on the Influence of Climate Change and the Human Activities on Inland Lake

Many lakes changed rapidly, some lakes shrunk,some lakes disappeared during 1950-2000 in arid and semi-arid area.Bosten lake was the largest in land fresh lake,Qinghai lake was the largest salt lake.The climate change and the human activities influenced the lakes significatly.Based on precipitation,air temperature and irrigation water diversion of basin from 1950-2000 years,basin climate change and the human activities were analysed by decade contrast,departure percentage and moving average curve.The results showed that climate change was the main reason,the human activities was the second reason for Bosten lake;climate change was the main reason,the human activities had little influence on Qinghai lake.