干旱区湿地生态需水量研究——以银川市阅海湿地为例

文中对生态需水相关概念进行了辨析,结合目前国内外学者的研究成果,对湿地生态需水量作出了定义,认为湿地生态需水量是指为保证特定发展阶段的湿地生态系统结构与功能并保护生物多样性所需要的一定质量的水量。接着,深入分析了银川市阅海湿地的现状及胁迫因子,结合GIS和RS技术,对阅海湿地生态需水量采用功能法进行了分级计算,得出了阅海湿地2008年5个级别的生态需水阈值。为了探知5个级别生态需水量之间的关系,应用多元线性回归模型对计算结果进行了拟合分析。最后,通过比较水文监测资料和计算结果发现,阅海湿地2008年的蓄水量只处于中等需水量的阈值范围,鉴此,提出了加强宣传、增加补水来源、建立节水循环系统、控制污水排放、科学进行旅游开发等一系列对策保证阅海湿地生态需水,促进该区域生态系统健康发展。

The quantities of ecological water requirement for wetland in the arid region——Illustrated by the case of Yehai wetland in Yinchuan city

Several correlatives of ecological water requirement are discriminated in this paper,then the quantity of ecological water requirement of wetland defined as being,"it is the quantity of quality water requirement which can sustain the structure and function of wetland ecosystem in a certain stage of development and protect the biodiversity." Upon that the current status of Yuehai Wetland are given a profound analysis.Besides,based on the technology of GIS and RS,the quantities of ecological water requirement of Yuehai Wetland at five levels in 2008 are obtained by the so-called function calculation.Then the linear multiple regression model is used for fitting analysis of the result in order to ascertain the relation among quantities of ecological water requirement at five levels.Compared with hydrological data,the pondage of Yuehai Wetland in 2008 lies in the range of middling quantity of ecological water requirement.Consequently,a series of measures are advanced,such as enhancing publicity,increasing water-supplying sources,building a water-cycling system,controlling the effluent discharge and developing the tourism scientifically,which would sustain the quantities of ecological water requirement of Yuehai Wetland and promote the healthy development of the ecosystem in this area.