吉林省主要农作物的生产水足迹研究

基于生产水足迹的视角,借鉴粮食生产虚拟水的算法(Aldaya&Llamas,2008),采纳灰水足迹的最新研究成果(2010),应用联合国粮农组织提供的CROPWAT软件,对吉林省玉米、水稻和大豆三种农作物在丰、平、枯条件下的生产虚拟水及其水足迹进行计算,并着重探讨了灰水问题。主要结论是:1)无论降水量多寡,玉米、水稻和大豆的生产虚拟水量均以绿水为主,且蓝水、绿水虚拟水量之和比全国均值低、比东北三省的均值高,具备提高水资源利用效率的空间;2)施用化肥产生的灰水足迹在总水足迹的比重较大,与"吉林省在东北地区面源污染贡献率高"的结论一致,增产百亿斤商品粮计划实施过程中,粮食安全和生态安全的"双赢"目标任重而道远。

The water footprint of main crops in Jilin Province from a production perspective

On the basis of crops virtual account(Aldaya and Llamas,2008) and supplement of grey water(2010),through the application methods of the production water footprint and software of CROPWAT provided by FAO,virtual water and water footprint of maize,rice and soybeans in a humid,average and dry years in Jilin Province from the production perspective were calculated,and the issue of grey water was focused on.The results showed that: 1.Regardless of the amount of rainfall,green virtual water of main crops in the growth process occupies prominently,and the virtual water levels of the three crops are less than that of the national average,more than that of the Northeast China,with some space for improving the efficiency of water use;2.The grey water footprint produced by chemical fertilizer take a large proportion in the total water footprint content,which corresponds with the conclusion that the area source pollution in Jilin province has the highest contribution to the northeast region.In order to ensure food security and ecological security of the "win-win",more attention should be paid to increase production and decrease water footprint in the future.