1400-1899年渭河上游地区洪涝灾害与城市变迁初探

通过对历史文献资料的搜集、考证、整理和分析,对1400-1899年间渭河上游地区洪涝灾害的频率和时空分布特征进行了分析研究,发现在这500年内渭河上游地区洪涝灾害的发生频率总体上呈升高趋势,且沿着渭河流向由西向东各地洪涝灾害的发生次数逐渐增加。为了探求渭河上游地区城市的兴衰变迁与洪涝灾害的关系,文中将该地区的城市修筑和洪涝灾害在时间上的频次变化趋势进行了比较,并就每个城市的修筑次数与洪涝灾害的发生次数进行了分别比较。结果表明:在这500年内城市修筑的频次变化与洪涝灾害发生的频次变化大体一致,洪涝灾害发生频次高的时段对应的城市修筑频次相应较高,只是在时间上略微后移,这正好说明了洪涝灾害的发生与城市的修筑之间存在一个时间差;渭河上游地区各城市的洪涝灾害次数与修筑次数成正相关关系,即洪涝灾害次数多的城市,其修筑次数相对较多。由此可见,洪涝灾害是渭河上游地区城市兴衰变迁的最主要原因之一。因此,试图分析了历史时期渭河上游地区城市的防洪对策,主要有加固城池、筑堤植柳,甚至迁建城垣。

The priliminary probe to the relations between flood disaster and the vicissitude of the cities in the upriver reaches of Weihe River from 1400 to 1899

Through collecting,researching and analyzing lots of historical materials,the frequency and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the flood disaster in the upriver reaches of Weihe River from 1400 to 1899 were studied.We found that in those 500 years,the occurring frequency of the flood disaster in the upriver reaches of Weihe River took on the upward tendency,and the numbers of the flood disaster were increased gradually along the flow direction of Weihe River-from west to east.For the purpose of studying the relations between the vicissitude of the cities and the flood disaster in the upriver reaches of Weihe River,we compared the temporal change tendency of the frequency between the flood disaster and the repairing of the cities in this area,and compared respectively the number between the repairing and the flood disaster of every city.The result showed that in those 500 years,the change of the frequency between the flood disaster and the repairing of the cities were coherent.When the frequency of the flood disaster was very high,the repairing of the cities was also very frequent,but there was a time slot between them.Besides,when the flood disaster of one city was very frequent,the frequency of the reparing of the city was also very high.So,we thought that the flood disaster was the main reason of the vicissitude of the cities in the upriver reaches of Weihe River,and tried to analyze the countermeasures of preventing flood disasters in this area,which included reinforcing the circumvallation,building banks and planting willow trees,and even migrating the city.