玉米抗旱相关生理生化指标研究及品种筛选

对水分胁迫下12个玉米品种产量、水分利用效率和抗旱相关生理生化指标的分析表明,各品种产量与水分利用效率差异均达到显著水平(p<0.05),其中宁玉309、辽单565、郑单958、大民338四个品种的产量与水分利用效率达到较高水平;叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量等抗旱相关生理生化指标值的差异在水分胁迫下达到显著水平(p<0.05)。通过12个玉米品种生理生化指标值进行的聚类分析表明,辽单565、郑单518、北育288及大民338聚为一类,它们可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、相对含水量较高,丙二醛含量较低,抗旱性强;郑单958、益丰29、铁研124及秀青74-5聚为一类,它们可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量、相对含水量较低,丙二醛含量较高,抗旱性弱;宁玉309、大丰26、冀玉10及抚玉8号的各抗旱相关生理生化指标含量居中,抗旱性中等。结果表明:辽单565和大民338两个品种在具有较高抗旱性基础上,产量与水分利用效率也达到较高水平,达到了节水、抗旱、增产的目标,适合推广应用。

Physiological and biochemical indexes of drought resistance in maize and the selection of drought tolerance varieties

Water use efficiency(WUE),yield and some physiological and biochemical indexes relevant to drought tolerance in 12 maize varieties were studied.Results showed that seed yield and WUE were strongly influenced by maize varieties.There was statistically significant difference(P<0.05) among varieties in yield and WUE,and Ningyu309,Liaodan565,Zhengdan958,Damin338 showed better yield and high WUE.The diffidence of relative water content(RWC),proline content,chlorophyll content,MDA content,soluble sugar content in 12 maize varieties under water stress were strongly influenced by maize varieties and there was statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Based on these physiological and biochemical indexes,12 maize varieties were divided into 3 categories according to cluster analysis,namely,strong drought-resistance(Liaodan565,Zhengdan518,Beiyu288 and Damin338),such varieties were high in proline content,RWC,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content and low in MDA content;drought-sensitive(Ningyu309,Dafeng26,Jiyu10,and Fuyu8) such varieties were low in proline content,RWC,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content and high in MDA content.Zhengdan958,Yifeng29,Tieyan124,Xiuqing74-5 were classified as moderately drought resistance varieties,for their physi-biochemical indexes were medium.Accordingly,it is recommended that Liaodan565,and Damin338 are more suitable to semiarid region of northeast China for their better drought tolerance,higher WUE and yield.