二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯的抗性选育及增效剂的增效作用

［目的］ 探索二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯种群的抗性机理和抗性治理途径。 ［方法］ 采用室内生物测定法，以采自兰州兴隆山自然保护区的二斑叶螨为敏感种群（S），在室内用甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯分别对二斑叶螨进行抗性选育；用增效醚(PBO)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)、磷酸三甲苯酯(TPP)、有机硅、噻酮进行增效作用研究。［结果］二斑叶螨经室内甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯抗性选育45代和30代后，抗性倍数分别达到314.50倍和77.92倍。TPP、PBO、DEM 3种增效剂对二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯种群的抗敏增效比分别为12.15、7.78和3.09，推测其抗性机理涉及的主要解毒酶是羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶； DEM对二斑叶螨抗螺螨酯种群的抗敏增效比大于TPP和PBO，分别为4.87、3.67和1.91，二斑叶螨对螺螨酯产生抗性机理可能与谷胱甘肽转移酶和羧酸酯酶活性增强有关。有机硅和噻酮对二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯种群的抗敏增效指数比分别为1.38、1.42和1.18、0.92，说明二斑叶螨的抗性与表皮通透性改变关系不密切。 ［结论］ 上述结果可以为二斑叶螨的抗性治理提供依据。

Selection of Tetranychus urticae resistant to fenpropathrin and spirodiclofen and the synergistic action of the synergists to the resistant population

［Objective］ To study the resistance mechanism of Tetranychus urticae Koch to fenpropathrin and spirodiclofen and seek the way for pesticide resistance management. ［Method］ The sensitive (S) strain of T. urticae, collected from Xinglong Mountain in Lanzhou, was reared and selected by fenpropathrin and spirodiclofen in the laboratory. The synergistic action of PBO, DEM, TPP, organosilicone and thiazone on the fenpropathrin (FE R) and spirodiclofen (SP R) resistant strains were tested. ［Result］ The resistance index (RI) of FE R and SP R were 314.50 and 77.92 folds when selected by fenpropathrin for 45 generations and by spirodiclofen for 30 generations, respectively. The results showed that the synergism ratios (SR) between R and S strains of FE R to the three synergists (TPP, PBO and DEM) were 12.15, 7.78 and 3.09 folds, respectively, which indicated that the MFOs and CarE were involved in the resistance mechanisms of T. urticae to fenpropathrin. The SR between R and S strains of SP R to DEM was higher than to TPP and PBO, and the values were 4.87, 3.67 and 1.91 folds, respectively. It showed that the resistance mechanisms of T. urticae to spirodiclofen were related to the activity enhancement of GSTs and CarE. The resistance of FE R and SP R was not closely related with the alteration of cuticle permeability, because the SRs between R and S strains of FE R and SP R to organosilicone and thiazone were 1.38/1.42 and 1.18/0.92 folds, respectively. ［Conclusion］ The results may provide the basis for the management of pesticide resistance of T. urticae.