我国草地贪夜蛾应急化学防控风险评估及对策

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith)是世界性重大农业迁飞害虫, 在我国已呈严重暴发态势, 对我国玉米等农作物生产安全构成严重威胁?农药防治是草地贪夜蛾应急防控中最有效的手段之一, 但是不合理的使用农药会对环境安全和施药人员带来潜在的风险?本文结合我国田间化学农药防治草地贪夜蛾的实践和效果, 评估了8种田间常用防治药剂的环境风险及其对施药人员的健康风险?推荐甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐?乙基多杀菌素?氯虫苯甲酰胺?虱螨脲作为草地贪夜蛾应急防控的首推农药, 甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒作为首推生物药剂, 高效氯氟氰菊酯和乙酰甲胺磷须谨慎使用?本研究从农药应用风险角度提出了具体的草地贪夜蛾合理用药建议, 以期为草地贪夜蛾的有效安全防控提供科学依据?

Risk assessments and countermeasures of emergency chemical prevention and control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in China

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a serious agricultural migratory pests. At present, the population of the fall armyworm is growing at a high-speed, which posed a great threaten to corn production in China. Pesticide is one of the most effective treatments in the emergency prevention and control of this pest, but the improper use of pesticides may result in potential risk to environment and pesticide operators. In this study, combined with the practice and control efficacy of S. frugiperda in field, the health risk to applicators and environmental risk of eight common used pesticides were assessed. As a result, emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole and lufenuron were recommended priority for the control of the fall armyworm, and Mamestra brassicae nuclear polyhedrosis virus was as the preferred biological pesticide. Lambda-cyhalothrin and acephate must be cautiously used. This study proposed the suggestions for rational use of pesticides from the respect of risk assessment, and which is expected to provide scientific basis for effective control of S. frugiperda in China.