喷洒部件及喷雾助剂对担架式喷雾机在桃园喷雾中的雾滴沉积分布的影响

采用诱惑红为指示剂研究测定了喷洒部件以及喷雾助剂Silwet408对电动担架式喷雾机在桃园喷雾中的雾滴沉积分布的影响，试验结果表明：采用喷枪大容量喷雾，当施药液量为250 L/667 m2时，有35.2%的药液流失到地面，喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层内膛和外膛的上/下层沉积比分别为0.59和0.62；当在喷雾液添加0.1%的Silwet408并把施药液量降低到125 L/667 m2时，药液在地面的流失率减少到21.2%，喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层内膛和外膛的上/下层沉积比分别为1.28和1.19，沉积分布均匀性明显提高。采用装配小喷片的组合喷头喷雾，当施药液量为250 L/667 m2时，有28.4%的药液流失到地面，当在喷雾液添加0.1% 的Silwet408并把施药液量降低到185 L/667m2时，喷雾压力分别为0.25 Mpa和0.35 Mpa时，药液在地面的流失率分别减少到18.5%和8.6%。研究测定结果表明，通过更换喷洒部件、增加喷雾压力、减少施药液量、添加喷雾助剂等措施可以显著减少果园喷雾中的药液流失率、提高喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层的沉积分布均匀性。

Influences of nozzle type and spray adjuvant on the distribution of spray droplets with stretcher mounted sprayer in peach orchards

Deposit and distribution of spray droplets in peach orchards were studied using Allura-Red as tracer.When a high volume spray at 250 L per 667 m~2 was performed with stretcher mounted sprayer assembled spray gun,the run-off rate of spray onto soil surface was 35.2%.The distribution rate of spray deposit in the inner and the outer upper leaves to that of the lower leaves were 0.59 and 0.62.respectively.When the spray volume was reduced to 125 L per 667 m~2 by adding spray adjuvant Silwet408,the run-off rate of spray onto soil surface was reduced to 21.2%.The distribution rate of spray deposit in the inner and the outer upper leaves to that of the lower leaves were improved to 1.28 and 1.19,respectively.The deposit and distribution of reduced volume spray in peach canopy was more even than that of high volume spray.When spraying with stretcher mounted sprayer assembied multiple.nozzle cluster with small nozzle disc at the volume of 250 L Der 667 m~2,the run-off rate was 28.4%.By adding Silwet408 and reducing spray volume to 185 L per 667 m~2,the run-off rate were 18.5%and 8.6%when spraying at 0.25Mpa and 0.35Mpa respectively.It indicated that though changing nozzle type.increasing spray pressure,adding spray adjuvant and reducing spray volume and so on,it could reduce spray run-off and significantly improve spray deposit and distribution in peach orchards.