不同杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病和赤霉病的防治效果

为明确不同杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病、赤霉病的防治效果,在大田条件下以‘开麦21’为试验材料研究了12种杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病、11种杀菌剂对赤霉病的防治效果及对小麦产量的影响。结果表明:30%己唑醇悬浮剂76.5g/hm2、75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂168.75g/hm2处理对小麦纹枯病的防效较好,拔节期病指防效(乳熟期枯白穗防效)分别为62.77%(56.21%)和60.58%(53.45%),小麦产量较对照分别增加27.65%和21.30%;48%氰烯·戊唑醇悬浮剂432g/hm2、25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂750g/hm2处理对小麦赤霉病的防效较好,病指防效(病穗防效)分别为70.78%(56.57%)和68.84%(46.86%),小麦产量较对照分别增加25.44%和24.40%。综合分析,以上药剂可做田间大面积推广应用。

Control effects of different fungicides against wheat sharp eyespot and wheat scab

Using hydro-distillation method, the volatile oil was extracted with a yield of 0.972% from fresh branches and leaves of Melaleuca bracteata. The chemical composition of the volatile oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Totally eighteen components were identified from the volatile oil, which accounted for 99.056% of total volatile substances. Methyl eugenol (92.185%) and methyl cinnamate (3.795%) were the major compounds of the volatile oil. The essential oil showed a certain antibacterial activity on all six tested bacteria, and had better inhibition to Pseudomonas lachrymans and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, with the diameters of inhibition zone of (9.0±0.0) mm and (8.5±0.1) mm, respectively, which was weaker than that of streptomycin sulfate. The diameters of inhibition zone treated with streptomycin sulfate was (18.0±1.0) mm and (21.7±1.0) mm, respectively.