麦田新型除草剂砜吡草唑的除草活性

杂草严重影响小麦的丰产丰收,而使用除草剂是麦田杂草防除中最经济有效的手段。砜吡草唑是新型广谱、高活性的苗前土壤处理除草剂。明确砜吡草唑对麦田杂草的除草活性是该药剂在麦田应用的重要内容。本文采用温室盆栽法研究了其对麦田常见杂草的杀草谱及除草活性。研究结果表明:砜吡草唑土壤处理对麦田禾本科杂草鹅观草Roegneria kamoji、多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum、雀麦Bromus japonicus、棒头草Polypogon fugax、蜡烛草Phleum paniculatum,阔叶杂草大巢菜Vicia sativa、播娘蒿Descurainia sophia、麦家公Lithospermum arvense、泽漆Euphorbia helioscopia具有良好的防除效果,但对节节麦Aegilops tauschii和野燕麦Avena fatua的防除效果略差。在推荐剂量180 g/hm^2下,对鹅观草、多花黑麦草、雀麦、棒头草、蜡烛草、大巢菜、播娘蒿、麦家公、泽漆的株抑制率和鲜重抑制率均可达到90%以上。而对节节麦和野燕麦的ED 90分别为209.54和886.43 g/hm^2,高于砜吡草唑的田间推荐剂量。砜吡草唑具有广泛的杀草谱及较高的除草活性,可作为小麦田杂草化学防除的重要候选药剂。

Herbicidal activity of a novel herbicide pyroxasulfone in wheat field

Agricultural weeds posed seriously threat to wheat in the world, and applying herbicide was still the most effective and economical method for weeds control. Pyroxasulfone is a novel, highly effective pre-emergence herbicide. Evaluation of herbicidal activity in wheat field was important for the further application of this herbicide. Greenhouse experiments indicated that pyroxasulfone was effective on controlling the gramineous weeds Roegneria kamoji, Lolium multiflorum, Bromus japonicus, Polypogon fugax, Phleum paniculatum, and the broadleaf weeds Vicia sativa, Descurainia sophia, Lithospermum arvense, Euphorbia helioscopia. However, pyroxasulfon was less effective on controlling Aegilops tauschii and Avena fatua compared to other weeds. At the field recommend dose of 180 g/hm2, application of pyroxasulfone resulted in higher than 90% plant and fresh weight reduction to R. kamoji, L. multiflorum, B. japonicus, P. fugax, P. paniculatum, V. sativa, D. sophia, L. arvense and E. helioscopia. The ED90 values of pyroxasulfone for A. tauschii and A. fatua were 209.54 and 886.43 g/hm2, respectively. The results indicated that pyroxasulfone could be used as one of candidate herbicides for the weeds control in wheat fields.