新疆地区棉蚜田间种群对10种杀虫剂的抗性

棉蚜是影响新疆棉花种植业的主要害虫之一, 主要依赖化学防治。大量使用化学农药不仅污染环境, 而且对棉蚜产生极大的选择压, 加速抗药性发展。针对近年来新疆多地出现的棉蚜防效下降问题, 采用叶片药膜法, 检测了新疆五家渠、石河子、奎屯、博乐、伊犁和库尔勒地区棉蚜田间种群对10种常用杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明, 博乐、库尔勒、石河子、五家渠、伊犁、奎屯6个地区的棉蚜田间种群对拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷类杀虫剂产生了极高水平的抗性, 其中对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和氧乐果的抗性分别达到728~2 494倍、353~4 932倍和2 137~9 501倍。对新烟碱类、阿维菌素类和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂产生了中、高水平抗性, 其中对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的抗性分别为85.2~412倍、221~777倍和122~1 095倍, 对阿维菌素和甲维盐的抗性分别为19.6~220倍和27.66~130倍, 对灭多威和丁硫克百威的抗性分别为91~292倍和6~148倍。其中五家渠棉蚜田间种群对丁硫克百威表现为低抗性, 这可能与该地区施药的频次及药剂种类有关。建议新疆不同区域棉田交替使用新烟碱类、抗生素类和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂。

Resistance of different field populations of Aphis gossypii to ten insecticides in Xinjiang

Cotton aphid Aphis gossypii is one of the main pests affecting cotton plantation in Xinjiang. The control of A.gossypii has been depended heavily on chemical insecticides. The extensive use of chemical pesticides not only pollutes the environment, but also fastens the resistance of the pest to insecticides used for its control. In recent years, the control effect on cotton aphid is declined in many places in Xinjiang. The sensitivity of six field populations collected from Wujiaqu, Shihezi, Kuitun, Bole, Yili and Korla to 10 commonly insecticides were determined using leaf dipping method. Results showed that the field population of A.gossypii in all the six 6 regions displayed extremely high resistance to deltamethrin (728-2 494 fold), beta-cypermethrin (353.067-4931.616 fold) and omethoate (2 137.312-9 501.169 fold). The medium and high resistance were detected in neonicotinoids, avermectin and carbamates, resistance ratios to imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were 85.2-412 fold, 221-777 fold and 122-1 095 fold, respectively, and resistance ratios to methomyl and carbosulfan were 91-292 fold and 6-148 fold, respectively. The medium resistance was detected for both abamectin (19.6-220 fold) and emamectin benzoate (27.66-130 fold). The field population of Wujiaqu showed low resistance to carbosulfan. The results of this study suggested that the mixed use of neonicotinoids, antibiotics and carbamate insecticides can be applied in different areas of cotton fields in Xinjiang.