不同植物秸秆对番茄及南方根结线虫的影响

为有效防治南方根结线虫,本试验研究了添加不同剂量的玉米秸秆(8.32、4.16、2.08g/kg)、辣椒秸秆(4.16、2.08、1.04g/kg)和茵陈蒿秸秆(4.16、2.08、1.04g/kg)对温室大棚番茄及根结线虫的影响。结果显示,在根结线虫侵染的土壤中添加植物秸秆后30d,玉米秸秆(4.16、2.08g/kg)对番茄株高有显著影响,辣椒(4.16、1.04g/kg)和茵陈蒿(4.16、2.08g/kg)秸秆对番茄茎粗影响显著;60d时经茵陈蒿处理的番茄植株比对照生长发育良好,对形态指标的影响程度依次为茎粗开花分枝;120d时番茄的茎粗、分枝和果实重量均显著高于对照。末次接种后20d调查,每种作物秸秆处理以高剂量对根结线虫的防治效果最好,防治效果依次为:茵陈蒿秸秆辣椒秸秆玉米秸秆,分别为79.60%、71.32%、68.89%,表明茵陈蒿秸秆处理既可降低根结线虫危害程度,又可提高番茄产量。本研究为温室大棚有效防治根结线虫提供了依据。

Effect of plant straws on tomato and Meloidogyne incognita

To find the reason of pear leaf early senescence and defoliation in southern pear producing areas in China, the relationship between the diseases in pear leaves and incidences of leaf early defoliation were investigated and analyzed in this study. The results showed that the correlations between the indexes of three main leaf diseases, including pear spot disease, brown patch and black spot, and the incidences of leaf early senescence and defoliation were significantly positive in different years except the pear vein yellow. Also, there were highly positive significant correlations between the indexes of the three diseases and the incidences of defoliation among different varieties, orchards and time intervals. And the incidences of pear spot disease in the fresh deciduous leaves were 100% during July to September, significantly higher than those of the other diseases. The prevention and control technologies of pear leaf diseases demonstrated the same effects on the leaf early senescence and defoliation. Therefore, the prevention and control of pear leaf diseases especially the pear spot disease were the key point for controlling pear leaf early senescence and defoliation.