大豆玉米间作和同穴混播对大豆病虫发生的综合效应研究

１９９３～１９９５年进行了大豆玉米间作和同穴混播对大豆病虫发生的综合效应研究。结果表明，间作和同穴混播豆田的病虫发生危害轻于纯作豆田，与纯作比较，间作田和同穴混播田主要害虫降低率分别在１１．４％～８１．４％和２０．９％～７６．０％之间；其病害降低率分别为７０．０％～１００％和５６．７％～１００％。间作只有豆天蛾和蛴螬可达防治指标，同穴混播田仅豆天蛾达防治指标。由于间作和同穴混播田提高了生物多样性，增强了自然生态控害功能。捕食性天敌，瓢虫分别较纯作增加８４．０％和８６．５％，草蛉增加５８．９％和８０．６％，蜘蛛增加４１．３％和５２．３％；寄生性天敌显著增加，蚜茧蜂对蚜虫寄生率增加２３．９％和２９．９％，赤眼蜂对豆天蛾卵寄生率增加１３．０％和２０．０％，银纹夜蛾幼虫被寄生率增加１８．７％和２５．３％。这２种种植方式产生的经济效益较纯作田增加３２．９％和３３．７％。

Efficacy of interplant and mixture sowing of maize and soybean on pest and disease management in soybean.

The efficacy of interplant and mixture sowing of maize and soybean on pest and disease management in soybean were studied in 1993-1995. The results showed that the occurrence of general pests and di seases of soybean in interplant and mixtnre sowing fields were less severe than in single seeding field. The dicreasing rate of main pests in interplant and mixture sowing fields were between 11.4%-81.4% and 20.9%-76.0%, respectivelyThe dicreasing rate of diseases in the interplant and mixture sowing fields were between 70%-100% and 56.7%-100% compared with monoculture of soybean, respectively. The increa sing rates of natural enemies of the former were between 13.0%-86.5%. The economic efficiency of two culture methods were increased 32.9% and 33.7%, respectively, compared with monoculture of soybean.