我国小麦田禾本科杂草对精噁唑禾草灵的抗药性研究进展

小麦是我国主要的粮食作物, 麦田草害的发生与危害严重影响小麦的产量与品质。我国小麦田的禾本科杂草主要包括日本看麦娘、看麦娘、菵草和多花黑麦草等, 田间杂草防除主要依靠化学除草剂。精噁唑禾草灵自20世纪80年代进入我国市场以来, 长期用于小麦田禾本科杂草防除, 已经报道麦田多种禾本科杂草对精噁唑禾草灵产生了高水平抗药性。为更加科学合理地控制小麦田杂草的发生与危害, 一些学者就麦田禾本科杂草对精噁唑禾草灵的抗药性水平监测和抗性机理进行了系统研究。本文系统总结了我国小麦田抗精噁唑禾草灵杂草的发生种群、抗性水平、靶标酶抗性机理与非靶标抗性机理, 还梳理了抗性杂草的交互抗性与多抗性发生情况, 分析了我国在抗性杂草治理方面的经验以及面临的问题, 为农田杂草防除提供指导。

Research progress on herbicide resistance of gramineous weeds against fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in wheat fields in China

Wheat is one of the major grain crops in China, and weed infestation significantly affects the yield and quality of wheat. Gramineous weeds in wheat fields in China mainly include Alopecurus japonicus Steud, A.aequalis Sobol., Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern, Lolium multiflorum Lamk, etc, and currently, weed management in wheat fields mainly relies on the application of chemical herbicides. Since entering into Chinese market in the 80s of the 20th century, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl has been used for weed control in wheat fields through years, and many studies show that a variety of weed species in wheat fields have evolved a high level of herbicide resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. In order to manage weed infestation in wheat fields more scientifically and reasonably, the different weed populations from wheat fields in China were collected for monitoring resistance level and dissecting resistance mechanism against fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. This review thoroughly summarizes the occurrence population, resistance level, target enzyme resistance mechanism and non-target-site resistance mechanism of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant weeds in wheat fields in China, and also describes the status of cross-resistance and multiple-resistance of these resistant weeds, analyzes the practices and problems encountered for efficient management of resistant weeds in China, and provides useful guidance for weed control in wheat production.