苍耳等14种植物对植物病原菌的抑菌活性

以番茄灰霉菌、辣椒丝核菌、黄瓜枯萎菌、黄瓜黑星菌和番茄早疫菌为供试菌,用生长速率法和孢子萌发法对14种植物提取物的离体生物活性进行了测定。结果表明:在供试质量浓度为0.1 g/mL时,苍耳茎叶、百部根、龙葵对辣椒丝核菌和黄瓜枯萎菌的抑制率达到100%;黄花蒿、苦参根、狼毒根对5种供试菌的抑制率均在60%以上。苍耳根、苍耳茎叶、泽漆、苦参根、龙葵、黄花蒿、蒲公英提取物至少对1种供试菌孢子萌发抑制率大于90%。本试验中,苍耳茎叶和根提取物对供试菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均显示了很高的抑制作用。

Antifungal activity of 14 plants to phytopathogens

The fungistatis of 14 plant extracts against Botrytis cinerea,Rhizoctonia.solani,Fusarium oxysporum,Cladosporium cucumerinum and Alternaria solani was tested in vitro using growth rate and spore germination methods.The concentration of the extracts was 0.1g/mL.The results showed that 7 of the plant extracts,including extracts from Xanthium sibiricum,Artemisia annua and Solanum nigrum showed inhibition to the growth of the hyphae of the 5 fungi tested to different degrees,among which the inhibition rate of the extracts from X.sibiricum(stem and leaf),Stemona japonica and Solanum nigrum to the growth of the hyphae of R.solani and F.oxysporum were 100%,while that of A.annua,Sopthora flavescens and Stellera chamaejasme to the 5 fungi tested was higher than 60%.The extracts from X.sibiricum,Euphorbia helioscopia,S. flavescens,S.nigrum,A. annua and T.mongolicum had more than 90% inhibition rate to the spore germination of at least one fungus tested.In the experiments,the extract of X.sibiricum showed very high inhibition to the growth of the hyphae and spore germination of the fungi tested.