转基因耐草甘膦作物的环境安全性

世界每年因草害造成的作物产量损失达950亿美元，为了简便有效地防除多种杂草，农民希望喷施杀草谱广的除草剂。转基因耐除草剂作物的种植为农民提供了更多的除草剂选择，在扩大杀草谱、提高除草效果、增加作物安全性、改善环境、简化栽培等方面起到了积极作用。转基因耐除草剂作物的大面积种植也引起了全球对其环境安全问题的广泛关注。本文以耐草甘膦作物为例，对国内外环境安全的相关研究结果进行归纳和总结，以期为我国耐草甘膦转基因作物的环境安全评价及耐草甘膦作物的管理提供参考。

Environmental impacts of glyphosate tolerant crops

FAO estimates of food production losses due to weeds are approximately USD 95 billion per year. Weed control is one of the farmer’s biggest challenges in crop production. To control weeds, farmers hope to use broad spectrum herbicides, which kill nearly all kinds of plants. The introduction of glyphosate tolerant crops transforms the way many growers manage weeds, because glyphosate makes weed control easier and more effective, increases profit, requires less tillage, and does not restrict crop rotations. The rapid adoption of glyphosate tolerant crops gives rise to the public concerns on their environmental impact. This paper presents the results of literature review on past studies mostly on the environmental effects through introduction of glyphosate tolerant crops, which will provide information for safety assessment and management of glyphosate tolerant crops in China.