我国新育成水稻品种(材料)抗病虫性与米质的评价研究

1997～2000年间 ,鉴定了 332份我国新育成的水稻品种 (材料 )对稻瘟病、白叶枯病、细菌性条斑病、白背飞虱和褐飞虱的抗性 ,并分析其米质。筛选出中抗上述一种水稻病虫害的品种 (材料 )共计 397份·次 ,双抗和三抗的品种 (材料 )分别为 76、19个 ,四抗品种有K89-B5 ,五丰占 2号 ,中组 74 ,中组 75 ,中组 84和中鉴 96-3共 6个 ;4项主要优质米指标均达到了农业部部标准优质二级米以上有 33个。优质一级米的品种 (材料 )有巨丰占 ,CR99,92-34,94-308,辽 947,吉 98-2806和龙粳 8号 7个。改进或完善了水稻育种新品种 (材料 )的抗病虫性鉴定方法 ,制订了相应的评价标准和指标 ,还讨论了改良水稻品种的抗病虫性与提高稻米品质等问题。

Evaluation for newly-developed rice cultivars (lines) resistance to the diseases and insect pests related grain quality in China

Three hundred and thirty-two developed rice cultivars (elite lines) were evluated for resistance to the balst (Magnaporthe grisea), bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae), bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola) of rice, the whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera) and brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and analysis of grain quality in 1997-2000. It was found that rice cultivars (elite lines) with the moderate resistance to one, two, three and four of the rice pests mentioned above accumulated as 397, 76, 19 and 6 (K89-B5, Wufengzhan 2, Zhongzu 74, Zhongzu 75, Zhongzu 84 and Zhongjian 96-3), respectively. The cultivars (elite lines) with the grain quality better than Grade 2 in 4 major indices of the evaluation standard issued by Ministry of Agriculture were 33 and 7 (Jufengzhan, CR99, 92-34, 94-308, Liao 947, Ji 98-2806 and Longjing 8),respectively. The evaluation methods for resistance to the rice diseases and insect pests were nominated, improved and perfected with special reference to the improved rice cultivars or breeding lines, and recommended the corresponding evaluation standard and indices. The problems were also discussed such as the improvement of rice varietal resistance to the diseases and insect pests, and grain quality of rice.