11种杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防治效果

由果胶杆菌属细菌Pectobacterium spp.引起的软腐病是世界范围内马铃薯生产上重要的细菌性病害之一。本研究分别采用碟片法和生长速率法探究了11种常用的杀菌剂对胡萝卜果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种菌株Pcc20181的离体抑菌效果; 采用马铃薯半薯接种法评价了供试杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防控效果。碟片法和生长速率法测定结果均显示:11种供试杀菌剂中72%农用硫酸链霉素SP、0.3%四霉素AS和3%噻霉酮WP离体抑菌效果最好, 抑菌圈直径介于0.13~1.47 cm, EC50介于1.695~44.363 mg/L; 新鲜半薯接种法测定结果表明, 11种供试杀菌剂中有8种对软腐病均有控病效果, 防效为33.33~92.50%。其中, 3%噻霉酮WP对马铃薯软腐病的防效最高为92.50%, 随后依次为72%农用硫酸链霉素SP （89.76%）、20%叶枯唑WP （58.81%）、0.3%四霉素AS （51.60%）。综合评价, 3%噻霉酮WP、20%叶枯唑WP和0.3%四霉素AS对马铃薯软腐病具有较好的防控效果。

Control effects of eleven bactericides on potato soft rot

Potato soft rot (PSR) caused by Pectobacterium spp. is one of the most important bacterial diseases of potatoes in the world. In this study, by means of disc diffusion and growth curve method, we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activities of 11 commonly used bactericides on P.carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain Pcc20181. In vitro assay showed that the top three bactericides were streptomycin sulfate 72% SP, tetramycin 0.3% AS and benziothiazolinone 3% WP, with the diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 0.13 to 1.47 cm and the EC50 value from 1.695 to 44.363 mg/L. In order to determine the control efficacy of 11 bactericides against PSR, the half tubers inoculation assay was utilized. In vivo results indicated that eight candidates had control efficacy ranging from 33.33% to 92.50%. The control efficacy of benziothiazolinoe 3% WP on PSR reached 92.50%, followed by streptomycin sulfate 72% SP (89.76%), bismerthiazol 20% WP (58.81%) and tetramycin (51.60%). Taken together, tetramycin 0.3%AS, benziothiazolinoe 3%WP and bismerthiazol 20% WP are promising alternatives for controlling PSR.