植保无人机喷施对玉米田土壤处理除草剂的减量效应

在陇东旱塬条件下,以40%乙·莠SE为指示除草剂,测定了植保无人机喷施对玉米田土壤处理除草剂的减量效应。结果表明:通过植保无人机喷施,40%乙·莠SE的控草效果随施药量的减少呈逐渐降低的趋势,玉米果穗有效长度、果穗粗、穗粒数、百粒重、产量及纯收益均随施药量的减少呈先增后降的态势,当施用量降至2 400 mL/hm~2,即较推荐用量(4 500 mL/hm~2)减少用药46.67%时,对藜、狗尾草和总草的株防效仍分别高达93.31%、65.51%和86.40%,鲜重防效分别高达99.12%、78.61%和93.44%;对玉米穗部性状、产量及纯收益的影响程度亦降至较低或最低,其产量较人工除草和背负式喷雾器以药剂常用量喷施分别减产0.17%和增产5.61%,其纯收益较人工除草和背负式喷雾器以药剂常用量喷施分别增加652.08元/hm~2和1 076.85元/hm~2。可见,植保无人机喷施对玉米田土壤处理除草剂的减量效应显著,具有大面积推广应用的价值。

Decrement effect of plant-protection UAV spraying on soil-applied herbicides in maize field

Taken acetochlor·atrazine 40% SE as indicator, decrement effects of plant protection UAV spraying on soil-applied herbicides in maize field were tested under the conditions of dry land in eastern Gansu. The results showed that the weed control effect of acetochlor·atrazine 40% SE sprayed by plant-protection UAV decreased gradually with the decrease of dosage, and the ear length, diameter, grain number, 100-grain weight, yield and net income of maize increased first and then decreased with the decrease of dosage. When the dosage of application decreased to 2 400 mL/hm2, which decreased by 46.67% compared to the recommended dosage of 4 500 mL/hm2, the stem control efficacies on Chenopodium album, Setaria viridis and all weeds were 93.31%, 65.51% and 86.40%, respectively, and the fresh weight control efficacies were 99.12%, 78.61% and 93.44%, respectively. Also, the effects on ear traits, yield and net income of maize were also reduced to a lower or the lowest level. The yield was reduced by 0.17% of manual weeding and increased by 5.61% of backpack sprayer, respectively, and the net income increased by 652.08 Yuan/hm2 and 1 076.85 Yuan/hm2, compared with the manual weeding and knapsack sprayer, respectively. The results indicated that the reduction effect of plant protection UAV spraying on soil-applied herbicides was significant in maize field, and it is valuable for popularization and application in large areas.