陕西关中2018年春季小麦冻害及引发赤霉病调查与分析

2018年采用田间调查法对陕西关中地区20个县(区)小麦冻害率及受冻畸形麦穗上赤霉病的发病率进行了调查,并对畸形麦穗上的病原菌进行分离鉴定,分析了冻害的成因和畸形麦穗感病的原因,提出了预防策略。结果显示,陕西关中不同地区小麦受冻害程度不同,西北部地区冻害程度严重,冻害率最高可达24%;由室内鉴定可知,受冻麦穗易感染赤霉病菌引发赤霉病,且相同地区的不同品种及相同品种在不同地区的发病率有较大的差异,西部较湿润地区冻害穗赤霉病发病率达80%以上,东部旱塬地区基本在70%以下。表明小麦冻害及冻害穗上赤霉病严重程度存在地区与品种差异性。

Investigation and analysis of winter wheat frost damage and Fusariumhead blight in Guanzhong of Shaanxi province in spring of 2018

The incidence of wheat frost damage and FHB disease on damaged wheat ears was investigated in the fields in 20 counties (districts) in Guanzhong of Shaanxi in 2018. The pathogen was isolated and identified, the causes and influencing factors of frost damage and the disease were analyzed, and some prevention strategies were proposed. The results showed that the degree of wheat frost damage in different regions of Guanzhong in Shaanxi was different, which was up to 24% in the northwestern part. Indoor identification showed that the damaged ear by frost is highly susceptible to FHB, the disease incidence of different varieties in the same region and the same variety in different regions were all quite different. The incidences of FHB on frost-damaged ear in the humid regions of western areas were all over 80%, and those in the eastern drought areas were below 70%. The results indicated that there were regional and varietal differences in the severity of wheat frost damage and FHB on the frost-damaged ear.