大蒜对福寿螺的控制效果及其对水稻苗的影响

在实验室和盆栽条件下研究了大蒜植株、蒜瓣(鳞茎)和大蒜素对福寿螺和水稻苗生长的影响。结果表明,大蒜植株、蒜瓣中的大蒜素对福寿螺均具有致死效果,大蒜素只是大蒜植株和蒜瓣中致福寿螺死亡的物质之一。福寿螺在大蒜素溶液中出现逃逸现象,在0.025和0.012 5g/mL浓度下全部逃逸,而在0.05g/mL浓度下逃逸率仅为60%,死亡率达40%。福寿螺在大蒜种植密度为9、14、18株/盆时,含有大蒜根分泌物的盆中均出现逃逸现象,密度越大逃逸越快,数量越多,而在大蒜植株混入土壤的盆中,密度为9株/盆中的福寿螺全部逃逸,密度为14、18株/盆中则只有部分逃逸,没有逃逸的福寿螺出现死亡或失去取食能力。试验浓度下的大蒜素溶液对水稻生长影响较小,0.012 5g/mL的大蒜素溶液对水稻还有促进作用。在种植不同密度大蒜的盆中,仅混合大蒜植株,密度为18株/盆的处理中水稻的分蘖数有显著的减少(P0.05),其他无论是含有根分泌物还是混合大蒜植株的盆中,水稻生长均未受到不利的影响。表明大蒜植株和蒜瓣中的大蒜素对福寿螺具有抑制取食为害、甚至毒杀的效果,在对福寿螺有效的浓度下对水稻苗的生长没有不利影响。

Control effects of garlic on Pomacea canaliculata and its influences on the growth of rice seedlings

The control effects of garlic plants, its bulbs and allicin on Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail, GAS) and their influences on the growth of rice seedlings were studied in the laboratory and pot culture. The results showed that allicin in garlic plants and its bulblets were the main effective components for killing GAS, but not one component alone. All GASs escaped from pots filled with allicin solutions at the concentrations of 0.025 g/mL and 0.012 5 g/mL, but only 60% GASs escaped at 0.05 g/mL, while 40% were killed. GASs escaped from the pots with garlic planted at the density of 9, 14, 18 plants/pot; the denser, the higher the escaping speed and number. However, in the pot soil mixed with the 3 different garlic densities, all GASs escaped at the density of 9 plants/pot, but only parts of GASs escaped at other densities, where the other GASs died or lost their foraging ability. Allicin solution slightly affected rice seedling growth; at the concentration of 0.012 5 g/mL, it even showed promoting effect under tested concentrations. In the pots with garlic planted or with root exudates of garlic, there were no negative effects on the growth of rice, except at the density of 18 plants/pot, the rice tillers mixed with garlic plants reduced significantly (P <0.05). It can be concluded that allicin, garlic plants, and garlic bulblets could inhibit GASs foraging potential, even kill GASs, but have no negative effects on rice seedling growth.