2013-2016年甘肃省小麦条锈菌生理小种变异监测

2013-2016年对1 000份甘肃省小麦条锈菌标样进行生理小种鉴定和监测, 结果表明:共监测到56个生理小种及致病类型。贵农22致病类群已占据优势地位, 出现频率由2013年的28.72%上升到2016年的66.76%。新小种条中34号(原代号贵22-9)出现频率由2013年的11.28%上升到2016年的34.85%, 居第一位; 条中32号出现频率由2013年的15.38%下降到2016年的9.12%, 居第二位; 贵22-14致病类型2016年出现频率6.43%, 居第三位; 条中33号出现频率由13.85%降为5.63%, 居第四位。次要小种HY4、HY8、水11-4、水11-5、水11-7及贵22-8、贵22-45、贵22-74等类型出现频率较低, 在051%~615%之间。毒性频率分析发现, 到2016年对 Yr9、Yr3b + Yr4b、YrSu、Yr26 基因的毒性频率均超过58%, 其中对 Yr26 超过72%, 甘肃省小麦条锈菌群体已进入以条中34号为主、贵农22致病类群占优势的新的变异活跃期。抗锈育种应以针对条中34号、条中32号、条中33号为主, 兼顾贵农22、Hybrid 46和水源11致病类群中其他类型。

Monitoring the variation of physiological races of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici in Gansu Province, China during 2013-2016

One thousand samples of wheat stripe rust in wheat growing seasons were selected for race analysis from 33 counties of Gansu Province, during 2013-2016. These samples were tested on 19 Chinese stripe rust differential hosts and 7 supplementary hosts at Lanzhou greenhouse, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IPP GAAS) to inspect frequency changes of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst). The results showed that 56 physiological races/pathotypes of Pst were obtained. New pathotype clade of Guinong 22 was leading the first place, and its occurrence frequency was increased from 28.72% to 66.76% during 2013-2016 in Gansu Province. CYR34 (formerly G22-9) was the first dominant race, its frequency was sharply increased from 11.28% to 34.85%. CYR32 was the second major race, and occurrence frequency was decreased from 15.38% to 9.12%. The third one was pathotype G22-14, with occurrence frequency of 6.43%. CYR33 with occurrence frequency of 5.63%, used to be the most dominant race since 2000, took over the fourth place. Other pathotypes of Pst, including HY4, HY8, Su11-4, Su11-5, Su11-7, G22-8, G22-45 and G22-74, had the occurrence frequencies from 0.51% to 6.15%. Virulence analysis of Yr gene at seedling stage indicated that the frequencies to main genes including Yr9, Yr3b + Yr4b, YrSu and Yr26 were above 58%. The frequency was over 72% for virulence to Yr26, indicating Yr26 had lost its value in breeding and planting. The Pst population structure had been changed with pathotype clade of Guinong 22 and CYR34 in Gansu Province. The target breeding to stripe rust should show resistance to CYR34, CYR32, CYR33, and other pathotypes of Guinong 22, Hybrid 46 and Suwon 11 in the future.