沙漠蝗生物学特性及防治技术研究进展

历史记载中,沙漠蝗Schistocerca gregaria(Forsk.,1775)主要在北非发生,对当地农作物构成严重威胁。大规模发生时,可向西亚等地继续扩散为害。2020年初沙漠蝗在巴基斯坦、印度大量发生,肆虐为害,对粮食安全和生态安全构成了严重威胁。因其具有迁飞性,周边多个国家面临重大入侵风险。因本次沙漠蝗发生规模与破坏程度堪比1985年非洲蝗灾,2020年2月11日,联合国粮农组织(FAO)向全球发布预警:"高度戒备正在肆虐的蝗灾,防止被入侵国家出现粮食危机"。本文介绍了沙漠蝗分类地位、形态学特征,概述了沙漠蝗生物学特性、监测预警与防治技术研究进展,为科学防控沙漠蝗提供理论支撑。

Research progresses in the biological characteristics and control techniques of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk., 1775)

Schistocerca gregaria has been recorded to occur mainly in North Africa, posing a serious threat to local crops. When occurring on a large scale, it might spread to Western Asia and other places. At the beginning of 2020, S.gregaria ravaged Pakistan and India due to its migration, threatening food security and ecological security in many countries. The scale and destruction of S.gregaria this year was comparable to the African locust plague of 1985. On February 11, 2020, Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO) issued an alert:"high alert for an ongoing plague of desert locusts to prevent food crisis in the invaded countries". Here, we summarized the classification status, morphological and biological characteristics, and the research progresses in monitoring and sustainable management methods of desert locust, helping to provide effective measures to defeat this notorious pest.