Aetiology and causal agents of mango sudden decline disease in the Sultanate of Oman |
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Authors: | A O Al Adawi M L Deadman A K Al Rawahi Y M Al Maqbali A A Al Jahwari B A Al Saadi I S Al Amri M J Wingfield |
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Institution: | (1) Ghadafan Agriculture Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, P.O. Box 204, Sohar, 311, Sultanate of Oman;(2) Department of Crop Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al Khod, 123, Sultanate of Oman;(3) University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Barkat Al Muz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman;(4) Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Al Khod, 123, Sultanate of Oman;(5) Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 002, South Africa |
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Abstract: | Mango sudden decline is a recently introduced, economically serious disease in Oman. Affected mango trees have wilting symptoms that usually begin on one side and later spread to involve the entire tree. Trees exude amber-coloured gum from the bark of their trunks or branches and vascular tissues are discoloured. Having entered Oman in the recent past, survey data is presented that shows the disease to have spread throughout the northern part of the country. Evidence is presented that the vascular wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata causes mango sudden decline disease in Oman, possibly in concert with Lasiodiplodia theobromae and the recently described Ceratocystis omanensis. Isolates of these fungi from affected trees, cause infection and can be recovered from inoculated seedlings. Bark beetles (Hypocryphalus mangiferae) are shown to carry C. fimbriata and L. theobromae and are presumably responsible for transmitting both pathogens to healthy mango trees. Acting as a wounding agent and vector, the bark beetle is likely to have assisted the rapid spread of the disease across Oman. |
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Keywords: | Ceratocystis fimbriata Ceratocystis omanensis Hypocryphalus mangiferae Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
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