杀线虫植物以及植物源杀线虫活性化合物研究与应用进展

植物寄生线虫现已成为危害农业生产的第二大类病害，其防治迫在眉睫。线虫的生物防治是一种新型的线虫防治策略，主要是利用动植物和微生物及其次级代谢产物对线虫进行防治。植物源次级代谢产物即植物源化合物，源于自然，是植物源农药的核心。相比于化学杀线虫剂，植物源杀线虫剂对环境影响较小、靶向性强且不易使线虫产生抗药性。因此，从植物中获得结构新颖且杀线虫活性好的小分子化合物并将其开发成绿色农药，对于线虫病的防治具有重要意义。本文对杀线虫植物、具有杀线虫活性的植物源化合物及其杀虫机理、植物源杀线虫农药的应用情况展开综述，并对该研究领域进行了展望，希望能为植物寄生线虫病的防治与植物源杀线虫农药的开发利用提供参考和帮助。

Research and Application on Namaticidal Plants and Phytochemicals

Plant-parasitic nematodes, the second destructive pathogens in agriculture, could not only attack their host using various strategies and induce profound changes in plants, but also cause secondary diseases following tissue damage, which always heavily influence the growth and productivity of crops. So it is extremely urgent to find effective nematicides. There are four main methods for nematode control:agricultural control, physical control, chemical control and biological control. Among them, biological control is a new method for plant-parasitic nematode control using animals, plants, microorganisms and their secondary metabolites. As one kind of secondary metabolites, phytochemicals are the core of botanical pesticides. Comparing to synthetic nematicides, plant-derived nematicides are more kindly to environment, more toxic to target organisms, less toxic to nontarget organisms and unlikely to generate nematode resistance. Therefore it is significant to develop new green nematicides using nematicidal chemicals isolated from plants. Herein, nematicidal plants from Asteraceae, Leguminosae and Labiatae, nematicidal phytochemicals including alkaloids, terpenes, isothiocyanates, glucosinolates and phenolics, their action mechanisms against pests and the applications of plant-origin nematicides were reviewed. Plant-derived nematicides are not only helpful to the control of plant-parasitic nematodes, but are also friendly to the environment and human. We hope that more researchers could pay attention on the research of nematicidal plants, their secondary metabolites and their nematicidal mechanism which will contribute to the control of plant-parastic nematodes and the finding of more lead compounds for nematicides.