饲养密度和性比对蠋蝽存活和繁殖生物学特性的影响

蠋蝽是优良的捕食性天敌昆虫，可捕食40余种重要害虫。为明确成虫不同的性别配比和饲养密度对蠋蝽的寿命、繁殖力和后代生长发育的影响，促进蠋蝽的规模化饲养，在室内测定了不同性别配比（雌/雄为4F/2M、3F/3M、2F/4M、6F和6M）和密度（雌/雄为4F/2M和2F/1M；3F/3M、2F/2M和1F/1M）的蠋蝽的存活率、产卵量、无效卵的比例以及后代发育速率和性比等指标。结果显示，不同饲养密度和成虫性别配比对蠋蝽的存活率、产卵量、有效卵的孵化率以及无效卵的比例均有显著影响，但对后代的发育速率和性比无显著影响。2F/2M的蠋蝽30 d内存活率最高（65%），且无效卵的比例最低（12.68%），单头雌成虫30 d内产卵量为105.5粒，与产卵量最高的处理1F/1M无显著差异。4F/2M的蠋蝽的卵孵化率最高，为88.05%，但是与2F/2M（81.57%）无显著差异。2F/2M的蠋蝽适合度指数最高（441.14），而3F/3M的适合度指数最低。结果表明，在高10 cm，直径7 cm的透明塑料杯内饲养蠋蝽成虫时，雌、雄成虫最佳饲养密度和性别配比为2F/2M。选用合适的饲养密度和性别配比可显著提高蠋蝽成虫的繁殖力。

Effects of Rearing Density and Sex Ratio of Adult Arma chinensis (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on Their Survival,Fecundity and Offspring's Suitability

Arma chinensis is one of the most important predatory natural enemies predating on more than 40 important pests in China. To develop a mass-rearing protocol of A. chinensis, we tested the effects of rearing density (female/male were 4F/2M, 2F/1M, 3F/3M, 2F/2M and 1F/1M) and sex ratio (female/male were 4F/2M, 3F/3M, 2F/4M, 6F, and 6M) of adult A. chinensis on their survival, fecundity, trophic eggs ratio, egg hatchability, and fitness of offspring in the laboratory. The results showed that rearing density and sex ratio of A. chinensis significantly affected the survival, fecundity, trophic egg ratio and egg hatchability, but had no effects on the development and sex ratio of offspring. A. chinensis in 2F/2M treatment had high survival rate (65%) and lowest trophic egg ratio (12.68%), with fecundity of 105.5 eggs/female that was not significantly different from that of the 1F/1M treatment showing the highest fecundity. The hatchability of eggs in the 4F/2M treatment (88.05%) is the highest, but not significantly different than that of the 2F/2M treatment (81.57%). Adult of A. chinensis in 2F/2M had the highest fitness index (441.14), while those in 3F/3M had the lowest (35.21). In conclusion, A. chinensis performed the best when reared at two male and two female per plastic cup of 10 cm high and 7 cm in diameter. The results suggest that appropriate rearing density and sex ratio can greatly promote fecundity of A. chinensis.