黄花蒿叶醇提取物除草活性物质的分离及结构鉴定

为明确黄花蒿除草活性及活性物质的成分，本研究采用室内生测法测定了黄花蒿叶醇提物对4种杂草的活性；采用系统溶剂分离、硅胶柱层析分离及气质联用色谱法对提取物进行了分离和结构鉴定。结果表明：5.0 mg/mL的黄花蒿叶醇提物对供试杂草发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均有一定的抑制作用，抑制作用从大到小的顺序为反枝苋，苘麻，狗尾草，稗，其中对反枝苋、苘麻和狗尾草发芽率的抑制作用较强，均达到85%以上。叶醇提物对杂草发芽势的抑制作用也很强，均达到73%以上。黄花蒿叶醇提物中共鉴定出17种化合物，主要包括青蒿酸、亚油酸和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯等。由此可见，黄花蒿叶醇提物含有大量的除草活性物质，可显著延缓杂草的发芽时间和减少杂草的发芽率。

Isolation and Identification of Herbicidal Substance from Ethanolic Extracts of Artemisia annua Linn Leaf

The herbicidal activity and active components of Artemisia annua Linn. were determined by laboratory bioassay of herbicidal activity of ethanolic extract from Artemisia annua leaves against four weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Abutilon theophrasti Medic., Setaria viirdis L. Beauv. and Echinachlao crusgali L. Beauv.) and by separation and identification of the extract using solvent separation, silica gel column chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that, at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract from the leaves of A. annua showed certain inhibitory effects on the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of weeds. The order inhibitory effects from high to low was redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, green bristlegrass and barnyard grass. Germination was inhibited at above 85% in redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, green bristlegrass and barnyard grass. Germination potential of redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, green bristlegrass and barnyard grass was also strongly inhibited, all at above 73.36%. A total of 17 compounds were identified from the ethanolic extract of A. annua leaves, mainly including gartemisinic acid, (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and diethyl phthalate, among the others. Therefore, there are a lot of herbicidal active substances in ethanolic extract of A. annua leaves, which can significantly delay the germination and reduce the germination rate of weeds.