海洋真菌次级代谢产物在植物保护中的研究与应用

病虫害严重影响我国农业生产，每年造成巨额经济损失，传统化学农药虽然在一定程度上能够减轻这些危害，但其不合理的使用也造成严重的负面影响，亟需开发新型生物农药。海洋真菌生存于独特的海洋环境中，形成了有别于陆生真菌的生存繁殖方式和遗传代谢机制，能够产生许多结构新颖、生物活性显著的次级代谢产物，其中许多化合物具有抗植物病原菌、杀虫和抗病毒等农用生物活性，具有开发成为新型生物农药的巨大潜力。本文综述了2010年以来前人在海洋真菌次级代谢产物农用生物活性方面的研究成果，涵盖了90个化合物，结构类型主要包括聚酮类、萜类、生物碱类和甾体类化合物等，以期为生物农药的开发提供依据。

Research and Application of Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungus in Plant Protection

Crop pests and weeds in China seriously affect agricultural production and cause huge economic losses every year. Although traditional chemical pesticides can control these harms to a certain extent, their unreasonable use has brought a series of problems. Thus, the development of new biopesticide is imminent. Marine-derived fungi live in such unique and rugged environment with fiercely survival competition, leading to their different survival, reproduction modes and genetic metabolic mechanism from terrestrial fungi. These factors determined that marine-derived fungi could produce secondary metabolites with novel structures and significant biological activities, and many of them have anti-phytopathogenic, antiviral and insecticidal activities. Therefore, marine-derived fungi have great potential for the development of new biological pesticides. This paper reported the results of secondary metabolites of marine-derived fungi with agricultural bioactivity since 2010, covering 90 compounds. The structural types mainly include polyketones, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids. This review is expected to provide theoretical basis for the development of new biopesticides from marine-derived fungi.