3株来源于青稞白酒糟醅的生防菌株鉴定及其生物活性

为寻找高效安全且来源于生物源的除草活性物质，以此为先导化合物开发生物源除草剂。从青稞白酒糟醅中分离到的菌株中筛选到3株高效除草活性菌株，经形态特征和分子生物学鉴定后，确定JZ2?1?2为多粘类芽孢杆菌，JZ2?4?5、JZ2?5?2为枯草芽孢杆菌。3株芽孢杆菌的发酵液对供试禾本科杂草野燕麦的种子萌发具有抑制作用，同时对其幼苗发育影响明显，对野燕麦幼苗根长抑制率分别为92.48%、100.00%、100.00%。枯草芽孢杆菌JZ2?4?5发酵液通过茎叶喷施后，盆栽野燕麦植株7 d后大部分死亡，JZ2?5?2、JZ2?1?2对野燕麦防除效果次之。野燕麦叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量均有显著降低，MDA含量和SOD酶活性也变化明显。同时证明了3株芽孢杆菌属菌株对油菜菌核病原菌具有较好的拮抗作用。作物安全性结果表明，3株芽孢杆菌属菌株对小麦、青稞安全，对油菜、蚕豆风险高。综上所述，从青稞白酒糟醅中分离到的多粘类芽孢杆菌JZ2?1?2，枯草芽孢杆菌JZ2?4?5、JZ2?5?2具有作为麦田生物源除草剂开发的潜力。

Identification and Biological Activity of Three Strains Isolated from Distiller's Grains of Highland Barley Wine

In order to develop high-efficient and safe biogenic herbicide, we isolated substances with inhibitory activity against weed as leading compounds. All strains were isolated from the distiller's grain of barley wine. 3 strains were screened with high inhibitory activity against weed. The results of characteristic and molecular biological identification showed that JZ2-1-2 was Paenibacillus polymyxa, JZ2-4-5 and JZ2-5-2 were Bacillus subtilis. Fermentation broth of these 3 strains had moderate inhibitory activity against seed germination and significant inhibitory activity against growth of Avena fatua, with inhibition rates against root length were 92.48%, 100.00%, and 100.00%, respectively. After spaying with fermentation broth of strain JZ2-4-5, most plants of A. fatua in pot experiment died at 7 d. The inhibitory activity of strains JZ2-1-2 and JZ2-5-2 were lower than that of strain JZ2-4-5. The relative water content and chlorophyll content of A. fatua leaves both decreased significantly. And MDA content and SOD activity varied significantly. Also, these 3 strains had high inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results of crop safety showed that all these 3 strains were safe to wheat and hulless barley, but taking high risk to rape and broad bean. Strains JZ2-1-2, JZ2-4-5 and JZ2-5-2 isolated from distiller's grain of barley wine had potentiality as biogenic herbicide in wheat field.