中国番木瓜出口蒸热杀虫处理研究

中国番木瓜出口蒸热杀虫处理研究,包括海南产日升番木瓜鲜果内橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel))和瓜实蝇(B.cucurbitae(Coquillett))的卵和不同龄期幼虫忍耐力比较试验,番木瓜小规模、大规模蒸热杀虫试验,以及蒸热处理对番木瓜品质的影响等。结果显示,番木瓜鲜果内2种实蝇的耐热力由强至弱的发育期依次为3龄幼虫→2龄幼虫→1龄幼虫→卵;其中,橘小实蝇的耐热力大于瓜实蝇,以橘小实蝇3龄幼虫的耐热力最强;完全杀灭番木瓜鲜果内2种实蝇的卵和幼虫(死亡率100%)的蒸热处理条件是番木瓜在蒸热室相对湿度60%～70%、约经3～3.5 h果心温度缓慢升温至41℃时,使用饱和热蒸汽(相对湿度90%～95%)25 min内快速升温至47℃后水淋冷却至常温。国产番木瓜小规模、大规模蒸热杀虫处理进一步确认和验证,在上述蒸热处理条件下,鲜果内总计数量分别为10 000头和32 000头最具耐热力的供试橘小实蝇3龄幼虫全部被杀灭,超过美国采用的机率9(Probit 9)检疫安全水平(99.9968%死亡率),完全可确保检疫安全。同时,蒸热处理后第7天的番木瓜鲜果与对照鲜果品质(包括色泽、口感,以及还原糖、蔗糖、总糖、总酸、维生素C和可溶性固形物的含量)的比较测定数据表明,除维生素C的含量有微量损失外,基本可保持鲜果的品质不变。

Study on vapor heat treatment to disinfest Oriental fruit fly and Melon fruit fly in Chinese papaya fruits for export to foreign countries

The use of vapor heat treatment(VHT) to disinfest Oriental fruit fly(Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)) and Melon fruit fly(B.cucurbitae(Coquillett)) in Chinese papaya fruits(Carica papaya) destined for export to foreign countries was investigated.The results show that the relative heat tolerance of eggs and larvae of B.dorsalis and B.cucurbitae was,from most to least tolerant,3rd than 2nd than 1st instar larvae,then eggs.B.dorsalis was greater tolerant than B.cucurbitae and the most heat tolerant developmental stage was the 3rd instar larvae.Under the conditions of the fruit pulp temperature raised to 47℃ at a RH of 90%~95%,all eggs and larvae of the pests in fresh fruits of "Sunrise Solo" papaya from Hainan were killed.The results of a small and large-scale trial of VHT to eliminate the 3rd instar larvae of B.dorsalis from Chinese fresh papaya fruits indicated that VHT completely killed estimated larval populations of 10 000 and 32 000 larvae respectively,and can therefore provided greater than a Propit 9 level of quarantine security(99.9968% mortality rate).Meanwhile,with the exception of vitamin C which was decreased slightly,the quality of the fresh fruits was not significantly affected by VHT.