石油烃对海洋生物的毒性

为探究石油烃对海洋生物的毒性影响,采用半静水法探究了0号柴油对大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、红螺(Rapana bezona Linnaeus)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin)的急性毒性影响和对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)三种酶活性的慢性毒性影响。实验结果表明0号柴油对大泷六线鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死浓度(LC₅₀)分别为44.27、18.79、12.02和4.50 mg/L,对红螺的48 h、72 h、96 h的LC₅₀分别为595.6、232.2和102.3 mg/L,0号柴油对大泷六线鱼、红螺的安全阈值分别为0.45和10.23 mg/L。对三角褐指藻的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h、144 h半抑制浓度(EC₅₀)分别为13.43、10.47、5.32、4.05、3.48和3.00 mg/L。研究得出海洋生物对0号柴油耐受性的大小顺序为贝类>鱼类>浮游生物。通过石油烃对缢蛏的30 d慢性毒性试验研究发现,石油烃对缢蛏体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的影响整体上呈低浓度诱导、高浓度抑制,随着时间延长抑制效应增加的规律,其中AKP对石油烃的反应最为敏感,抑制效应最强。

Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon to marine organisms

In order to explore the toxic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms,the semi- hydrostatic method was used to investigate the acute toxicity effects of No.0 diesel on Hexagrammos otakii,Rapana bezona Linnaeus and Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, and the chronic toxicity effects on three enzyme activities of Sinonovacula constricta .The experimental results showed that the LC 50 values of No.0 diesel oil for Hexagrammos otakii in 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h were 44.27,18.79 ,12.02 and 4.50 mg/L,respectively.The LC 50 values of Rapana bezona Linnaeus in 48 h,72 h and 96 h were 595.6,232.2 and 102.3 mg/L ,re spectively.The safety thresholds of No.0 diesel for Hexagrammos otakii and Rapana bezona Linnaeus were 0.45 and 10.23 mg/L,respectively.The semi- inhibitory concentrations (EC 50 ) of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin in 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h ,120 h and 144 h were 13.43,10.47,5.32,4.05, 3.48 and 3.00 mg/L,respectively.It is concluded that the order of tolerance of marine organisms to No.0 diesel is shellfish > fish > plankton.A 30-day chronic toxicity study on Sinonovacula constricta found that petroleum hydrocarbons affect superoxide dismutase (SOD),alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH- PX).The effect is that the whole concentration is low concentration induction,high concentration inhibition,and the inhibition effect increases with time.Among them,AKP is most sensitive to petroleum hydrocarbons,and the inhibition effect is the strongest.