Citral and linalool chemotypes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lippia alba</Emphasis> essential oil as anesthetics for fish: a detailed physiological analysis of side effects during anesthetic recovery in silver catfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamdia quelen</Emphasis>) |
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| Authors: | Carine de Freitas Souza Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera Adriane Erbice Bianchini Elisia Gomes da Silva Rosa Helena Veraz Mourão Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva Denise Schmidt Berta Maria Heinzmann Bernardo Baldisserotto |
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| Institution: | 1.Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,Brazil;2.Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-Gradua??o em Farmacologia,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,Brazil;3.Programa de Pós-Gradua??o em Recursos Naturais da Amaz?nia, Laboratório de Bioprospec??o e Biologia Experimental,Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA,Santarém,Brazil;4.Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das águas,Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA,Santarém,Brazil;5.Departamento de Agronomia e Ciências Ambientais,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Centro de Educa??o Superior Norte do Rio Grande do Sul,Frederico Westphalen,Brazil;6.Departamento de Farmácia Industrial,Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM,Santa Maria,Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The viability using Lippia alba essential oil as an anesthetic for fish was studied, particularly with respect to physiological effects during recovery. Anesthesia of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) using 100 and 300 μL L?1 of two different chemotypes of L. alba essential oil (citral EO-C and linalool EO-L) prevented the increase of plasma cortisol levels caused by handling, but did not avoid alterations in energetic metabolism. Silver catfish did not have increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the kidney and liver during recovery after anesthesia with either EO, avoiding lipid damage. On the other hand, fish anesthetized with EO-C showed higher protein carbonylation levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities and non-protein thiol group levels in both tissues compared to controls. Our results suggest that both oils show antioxidant capacity, but anesthesia with EO-L does not cause damage to lipids or proteins, only temporary changes, typical of physiological adjustments during recovery from anesthesia. Therefore, EO-L is an effective anesthetic for silver catfish with fewer side effects than EO-C. |
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