国际海洋生物碳汇研究进展

海洋是地球上最大的碳库.整个海洋中蓄积的碳总量达到39×1012t,占全球碳总量的93%,约为大气的53倍.这些碳或重新进入生物地球化学循环,或被长期储存起来;而其中一部分被永久地储存在海底.根据联合国<蓝碳>报告,地球上超过一半(55%)的生物碳或是绿色碳捕获是由海洋生物完成的,这些海洋生物包括浮游生物、细菌、海藻、盐沼植物和红树林.本文综述了近年国际上对海洋生物碳汇的研究结果,阐述了海洋生物固碳的机制、海洋生物碳汇的现状及其修复措施,同时评价和论述了海水贝藻养殖作为渔业碳汇的地位与作用.

Review on worldwide study of ocean biological carbon sink

Ocean is the biggest carbon sink in the world. The total carbon load of the ocean is 39×10¹²t, which is 93% of total global carbon load, and about 53 times of carbon load of the atmosphere. Carbon in the ocean will either join in the biogeochemical cycle again, or be preserved for long periods; while some of the carbon will be stored in the seabed forever. According to the Blue Carbon report by UN, about global biological carbon or green carbon capture is accomplished by marine organisms. These marine organisms include phytoplankton, bacteria, seaweeds, salt marshes and mangroves. Marine plants or flora have high capacity and efficiency for carbon sequestration. The findings on marine biological carbon sink by worldwide studies are reviewed in this paper. Major mechanisms governing the marine biological carbon sink are described, along with its present status and approaches for its restoration. Additionally, the function of seaweed and bivalves mariculture as components of fisheries carbon sink is evaluated.