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围填海对珠江口南沙湿地资源与生物资源的影响
引用本文:于杰,陈作志,徐姗楠.围填海对珠江口南沙湿地资源与生物资源的影响[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(3):661-671.
作者姓名:于杰  陈作志  徐姗楠
作者单位:中国水产科学研究院 南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,农业部南海渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,广东广州 510300
基金项目:广州市科技计划项目珠江科技新星专项(2014J2200020),公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403008),广东省自然科学基金项目(2014A030310221;2015A030313785),中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2013TS06),农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室开放基金项目(LSF2012-02)
摘    要:利用1989、1994、2004和2014年陆地卫星遥感资料,采用遥感影像解译手段、GIS数字化和叠加分析等方法,分析珠江口南沙湿地围填海开发进程,并通过对2002—2003年和2013—2014年两个时期10个航次的现场调查资料的对比分析,研究围填海对南沙周围水域生物的影响。结果表明:(1)4个时相南沙湿地海岸线长度分别为213.6 km、230.0 km、232.5 km和248.6 km。1989—1994年、1994—2004年和2004—2014年海岸线长度年增加幅度分别为3.28 km/a、0.25 km/a和1.61 km/a,海岸线向海推进最大距离分别为4900 m、1700 m和7700 m。(2)1989—2014年南沙湿地因围填海增加面积约46.3km~2,增加幅度最大的阶段为1989—1994年,增加面积占总增加面积的40.60%;其次是2004—2014年,增加面积占总增加面积的34.99%;1994—2004年围填海占用的滩涂面积最小(24.41%),南沙万顷沙和龙穴岛的围填海活动最为剧烈。(3)近10年来,南沙湿地浮游动物、大型底栖动物、潮间带生物、鱼类和头足类等生物资源种类分别减少了60.34%、73.21%、26.67%、79.78%和50.00%,栖息密度分别减少58.49%、12.38%、79.96%、78.78%和66.79%,生物量分别减少了82.16%、73.23%、15.83%、70.49%和62.43%。甲壳类的种类数和栖息密度分别减少了13.33%和69.85%,但生物量增加了114.20%。(4)浮游动物多性性指数增加了10.24%,大型底栖动物、潮间带生物、鱼类、甲壳类和头足类等多样性指数分别减少了71.10%、91.82%、18.18%、66.90%和73.68%,优势种更替显著。可见,南沙湿地围填海不仅改变了海岸线的类型和长度,占用了湿地资源,同时也对周边水域的海洋生物产生了不利影响。

关 键 词:珠江口  南沙湿地  围填海  生物资源  遥感
修稿时间:2016/5/18 0:00:00

Land reclamation and its impact on fisheries resources in the Nansha wetland of Pearl River Estuary
YU Jie,CHEN Zuozhi,XU Shannan.Land reclamation and its impact on fisheries resources in the Nansha wetland of Pearl River Estuary[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(3):661-671.
Authors:YU Jie  CHEN Zuozhi  XU Shannan
Institution:Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resources & Environments, Ministry of Agriculture;South China Sea Fisheries Re
Abstract:In this study, Landsat data for 1989, 1994, 2004, and 2014 were used to evaluate the process of land reclamation in the Nansha wetland area, using methods including remote sensing imagery interpretation, geo-graphic information system (GIS) digital methods, and spatial overlay analysis. The data obtained from two in situ surveys during the periods 2002–2003 and 2013–2014 were also used to compare the changes in the biological resources of organisms. The results were as follows: (1) The lengths of the coastline during the four periods of 1989, 1994, 2004, and 2014 were 213.6 km, 230.0 km, 232.5 km, and 248.6 km, respectively, with increase rates of 3.28 km/a, 0.25 km/a, and 1.61 km/a during 1989–1994, 1994–2004, and 2004–2014, respectively; the maximum distance of the seaward extension from the coastline during these three periods were about 4900 m, 1700 m, and 7700 m, respectively. (2) The total increase in land area was 46.3 km2 in 1989–2014; the proportional increases in area relative to the total increase were 40.6% in 1989–1994, 24.41% in 1994–2004, and 34.99% in 2004–2014; reclamation activities were more frequent on Wanqingsha Island and Longxue Island than those at other sites in the Nansha wetland. (3) The numbers of zooplankton, macrozoobenthos, intertidal organisms, fish, and cephalopods decreased by 60.34%, 73.21%, 26.67%, 79.78%, and 50.00%, respectively. Their densities de-creased by 58.49%, 12.38%, 79.96%, 78.78%, and 66.79%, respectively. Their biomasses decreased by 82.16%, 73.23%, 15.83%, 70.49%, and 62.43%,respectively. The numbers and densities of shellfish decreased by 13.33% and 69.85%, respectively, whereas their biomass increased by 114.20%. (4) The Shannon–Wiener diversity index for zooplankton increased by 10.24%, whereas the indices for the macrozoobenthos, intertidal organisms, fish, shellfish, and cephalopods decreased by 71.10%, 91.82%, 18.18%, 66.90%, and 73.68%, respectively. The domi-nant species changed markedly between 2002–2003 and 2013–2014. Land reclamation of Nansha wetland not only changes the type and length of costline, occupuies valuable wetland resource, but also leads passive effect on the around marine animals.
Keywords:Pearl River Estuary  Nansha wetland  reclamation  biological resources  remote sensing
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