三角帆蚌F5壳色及生长性状选育效果评价

以选育系紫色三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)F_4和非选育系三角帆蚌为亲本建立后代家系群体,比较选育组与对照组贝壳珍珠质颜色和生长性状,以评价F5贝壳珍珠质层颜色与生长性能选育效果。结果显示,选育组明度L*、饱和度C*、色差值d E*与对照组差异极显著(P0.01),选育组明度L*比对照组低17.13%,饱和度C*高于对照组20.55%,色差值d E*高于对照组22.56%,表明选育组贝壳珍珠质层颜色较对照组颜色更深,色彩更丰富。选育组左右两侧贝壳珍珠质层颜色参数–L*、d E*从前端至后端逐渐增大,表明贝壳珍珠质层颜色逐渐加深,对照组前端至后端变化规律与其不同。选育组与对照组左右贝壳相同位置处,贝壳珍珠质层颜色参数均无显著性差异(P0.05)。选育组各生长性状均显著高于对照组(P0.05),壳长、壳高、壳宽、体重分别高于对照组12.30%、9.95%、8.60%、36.34%。对贝壳珍珠质层颜色参数与生长指标综合评定值联合分析发现,B2、B4、B5、B6、B3家系最优,贝壳珍珠质层颜色深,并具有较强生长优势,可用于进一步选育与推广。通过对贝壳珍珠质层颜色和生长性状相关性分析发现,选育组内壳珍珠质层各颜色参数与生长性状之间相关系数较低,相关程度极弱,无法通过生长性状间接选择贝壳珍珠质颜色。

Evaluation of shell color and growth traits for F5 of the freshwater pearl mussel

Two wild populations of the freshwater pearl mussel,Hyriopsis cumingii, from Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were selected as the base populations for breeding. The purpleH. cumingii was included for its objective traits of purple shell nacre and a large body mass. To evaluate the effects of five generations of selection onH. cumingii, offspring families were established in the breeding group with the selected line and the control group with the ordinary population as parents. Comparisons were made of the shell nacre color (with CIELAB colorimetric measurements) and the growth traits of the two groups. The shell nacre color of the breeding group was deeper and richer than that of the control group. L*, C*, and dE* of the breeding group were significantly different from those of the control group (P<0.01), being 17.13% lower, 20.55% higher, and 22.56% higher than those of the control group, respectively. –L* and dE* gradually increased from the front to the back of the organ-ism, indicating that the shell nacre color deepened gradually, whereas it did not change significantly in the control groups. The color parameters did not differ significantly at the same positions on the mussel shell (P>0.05). The differences in the growth traits of the two groups were also highly significant (P<0.01), and the shell length, shell height, shell width, and bodyweight of the breeding group were 12.30%, 9.95%, 8.60%, and 36.34% higher than those of the control group, respectively. A combined analysis of the shell nacre color parameters and the growth traits showed that B3, B2, B4, B5, and B6 displayed superior color and growth traits, and can be used for the fur-ther development of the stock. The correlation indices between the shell nacre color and growth traits were low, so that growth traits cannot be indirectly selected based on the shell nacre color. This study identified some offspring families with superior purple shell nacre or superior growth traits, and extends our research into germplasm re-sources for breeding of H. cumingii.