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夏季台湾海峡北部及邻近海域鱼类群落结构及环境解释
引用本文:刘尊雷,杨林林,严利平,袁兴伟,程家骅.夏季台湾海峡北部及邻近海域鱼类群落结构及环境解释[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(6):1399-1416.
作者姓名:刘尊雷  杨林林  严利平  袁兴伟  程家骅
作者单位:农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海 200090
基金项目:国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047),农业部财政专项
摘    要:根据2014年7月台湾海峡中部、北部及邻近水域渔业资源底拖网调查资料,分析了该水域的鱼类群落结构,包括种类组成、区系特点、优势种、多样性及空间分布等,探讨了鱼类群落结构与环境因子的关系,并阐述了鱼类群落的群聚结构。结果表明,调查海域共捕获鱼类84种,隶属于16目、48科、69属。从种类数上看,适温类型以暖水种为主,区系类型以大陆架浅水底层鱼类以及大陆架岩礁性鱼类为主;从生物量组成上看,区系类型则以大陆架浅水中低层鱼类为主。优势种为带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)和七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum),合计渔获质量占总渔获质量的46.92%,对总渔获质量的回归贡献值分别为0.30和0.62;高生物量区集中分布在台湾海峡北口海域,在空间上表现为明显的生态位重叠。层次聚类分析将群落优势物种划分为2个主要的生态类型:沿海类型和广布类型,沿海类型的代表性物种包括龙头鱼、黄鲫、鳓;广布类型物种有带鱼、窄颅带鱼、七星底灯鱼、竹荚鱼、刺鲳、麦氏犀鳕。Shannon-Wiener多样性、Pielou均匀度和Margalef丰富度的变化范围分别为0.22~2.31、0.11~0.72、0.36~4.04,平均值分别为1.44、0.51、1.59,丰富度与总渔获质量表现为显著负相关(r=?0.65),与深度显著正相关(r=0.48)。物种?环境典范对应分析表明,与物种空间结构关系密切的影响因子为底盐、底层无机氮、底温、表底温差和水深;而影响群落优势群体分布的因子为底温、底盐和底层无机氮。

关 键 词:台湾海峡  底拖网  鱼类群落  生物量分布  典范对应分析
修稿时间:2016/11/9 0:00:00

Fish assemblages and environmental interpretation in the northern Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters in summer
LIU Zunlei,YANG Linlin,YAN Liping,YUAN Xingwei,CHENG Jiahua.Fish assemblages and environmental interpretation in the northern Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters in summer[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(6):1399-1416.
Authors:LIU Zunlei  YANG Linlin  YAN Liping  YUAN Xingwei  CHENG Jiahua
Institution:Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
Abstract:The Taiwan Strait, located between the South China Sea and the East China Sea, is an important channel for migratory fishes between the two waters, and therefore has a unique and high diversity of fish species due to its spatial marine environment. However, the rapid development of coastal aquaculture and excessive exploitation of natural resources has resulted in habitat degradation, and the ecosystem has been reverting to a low stage of de-velopment. Understanding the relationships between environmental factors and fish assemblages is thus essential for sustainable exploitation of fish resources. In this paper, fish species composition, dominant species, fauna characteristics, species diversity and spatial distribution in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters were studied using data collected from bottom trawl surveys in summer(July) 2014. We also identified the spatial structures of fish assemblages and their relationships with environmental variables. In total, 84 fish species were captured in the survey, belonging to 69 genera, 48 families and 16 orders; these were mainly composed of warm-water, continen-tal shelf demersal fish and continental shelf reef-associated fishes. The primary dominant species wereTrichiurus japonicas andBenthosema pterotum with an average biomass of 33.84 kg/h and 31.56 kg/h, respectively. Cumula-tive biomass accounted for 46.92% of total fish biomass, and the regression contribution of the biomass to total biomass was 0.30 and 0.62, respectively. High biomass of the dominant species was mainly distributed in the off-shore waters of the northern Taiwan Strait, an obvious overlapping of ecological spatial niche. According to hier-archical cluster analysis,fish assemblages were classified into two groups: a coastal community dominated by coastal species such asHarpodon nehereus,Setipnna taty andIlisha elongata; and a widespread community dominated by species such asTrichiurus japonicas,Tentoriceps cristatus,Benthosema pterotum,Trachurus ja-ponicas,Psenopsis anomala andBregmaceros mcclellandi. Diversity analysis showed that the Shannon–Wiener diversity indexH¢ranged between 0.22 and 2.31 with a mean of 1.44; the Pielou evenness indexJ ranged from 0.11 to 0.72 with a mean of 0.51; and the Margalef species richness indexS ranged from 0.36 to 4.04 with a mean of 1.59. Significant linear negative correlation existed between the Margalef species richness index and total bio-mass. A positive correlation with water depth was also found, which indicated that the Margalef species richness index rose with depth, but decreased as biomass increased. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the main environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of the fish assemblage in summer were bottom water sa-linity, inorganic nitrogen, temperature and temperature difference between surface layer and bottom layer. How-ever, the main environmental factors affecting the spatial patterns of the dominant fish assemblage were bottom water salinity, temperature and inorganic nitrogen.
Keywords:Taiwan Strait  bottom trawl  fish assemblages  biomass distribution  canonical correspondence analysis
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