鱼类卵子发育与卵泡闭锁的研究进展

鱼类种群繁衍离不开优质卵子的产出。卵子质量问题限制了许多海洋和淡水鱼类养殖业的发展。卵子质量主要受卵黄形成与卵母细胞发育的影响。亲本营养、管理以及其他内源或外源因素可能会影响卵黄组成与卵泡发育。与哺乳动物相比, 鱼类卵母细胞发育与调控机制的研究尚不清晰。本文分析了鱼类卵子发育特点, 探讨了亲本来源、育龄、环境因子以及营养等因素对鱼类卵子发生、发育与受精后仔鱼成活率的影响及其生理适应策略; 又从基因、miRNA 与蛋白表达等分子层面阐述了影响卵母细胞发育的分子调控机制; 解析了闭锁与过熟是卵泡发育的重要现象。本文在总结已有卵母细胞发育研究进展的基础上, 提出了闭锁卵泡的形成与调控可能的影响因素, 以期为深入理解卵泡闭锁在鱼类繁育生物学中的作用与其调控机制的研究提供理论参考。

Research progress of egg development and follicle atresia in fish

The reproduction of fish populations is inseparable from the production of high-quality eggs. The problems of egg quality limit the development of marine and freshwater fish aquaculture industries. Egg quality is mainly affected by yolk formation and oocyte development. Parental nutrition, management, and other endogenous or exogenous factors may affect yolk composition and follicular development. Compared with mammals, the study on the development and regulation of fish oocytes is still unclear. This paper analyzes the characteristics of fish egg development, discusses the effects of parental sources, parental age, environmental factors, and nutrition on fish egg quality and hatching rate and larval survival post-fertilization, and physiological adaptation strategies. From the molecular level of gene, miRNA and protein expression, the molecular regulation mechanism that affects the development of oocytes is explained, and atresia and over-ripening are important phenomena in follicular development is analyzed. On the basis of summarizing the research progress of the existing oocyte development, this paper proposes possible factors affecting the formation and regulation of atresia follicles, hoping to provide a certain degree of understanding of the role of follicle atresia in fish reproducing biology and its regulation mechanism.