斑马鱼微卫星分子标记检测鲤鱼种间多态性

用6072对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）微卫星引物对黑龙江鲤（Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel）、荷包红鲤（Cyprinus carpio var．wuyuanensis）和柏氏鲤（Cyprinus pellegrini Tchang）进行种间遗传差异分析，共发现563个斑马鱼微卫星标记在鲤鱼种间表现出多态性。从中随机抽选25个标记，对斑马伍和3种鲤鱼的遗传多样性进行分析，使用Phylip3．63软件按照Nei氏标准遗传距离计算种间遗传距离，再用MEGA3．0软件绘制NJ系统发生树，并进行1000次bootstrap检验系统树。结果显示，黑龙江鲤与荷包红鲤首先聚类，然后是柏氏鲤、斑马鱼。这些具有多态性的斑马鱼微卫星标记可用于鲤鱼种间种质鉴定，同时，借用模式生物斑马鱼的丰富遗传标记资源，增加同科的鲤鱼遗传连锁图谱上遗传标记的密度，必将对鲤鱼遗传育种进入分子育种时代起到促进作用。

Identification of genetic polymorphism between three species of common carp using zebrafish Danio rerio microsatellite molecular markers

Using 6072 pairs of zebrafish(Danio rerio) microsatellite primers to analyze the genetic variances between three species of common carp collected from the Heilongjiang River(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel,Cyprinus carpio var.wuyuanensis) and Yunnan province(Cyprinus pellegrini Tchang),totally 563 zebrafish microsatellites reveal inheritance polymorphism,which could be used in genotyping of these common carp.25 pairs of zebrafish microsatellite primers were randomly selected from these 563 primers to identify the genetic diversities.The Nei genetic distances were computed by the software package of Phylip3.63,and the evolutionary tree based on Neighbor-Joining method of Saitou and Nei(1987) were drawn by the software of MEGA3.0.Also 1000 times of bootstrapping were tested using the maximum likelihood method,the UPGMA method and NJ method.The results show that Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel and Cyprinus carpio var. wuyuanensis cluster first and then Cyprinus pellegrini Tchang and Danio rerio.The polymorphic microsatellites can be used as genetic markers of these species,so as to increase the molecular markers of the carp genetic linkage map.Screening interspecies microsatellite primers,especially from a model organism can advance the relative research rapidly.Then we can compare genetic data conveniently,in order to breed carps at a molecular level more quickly.