饲料脂肪源和碘酸钾对中华鳖稚鳖生长、存活率、肝肠组织形态和脂类代谢的影响

为了比较饲料中添加鱼油、茶籽油、亚麻籽油以及碘酸钾对中华鳖（）稚鳖生长和脂类代谢的影响，本研究配制了4种油脂含量为10%的饲料，分别为鱼油料（FO，对照组）、鱼油+碘酸钾料（FO+PI，碘酸钾添加量为75 mg/kg）、茶籽油料（TO）和亚麻籽油料（LO），饲喂初重为（5.06±0.05）g的中华鳖66 d。FO+PI组和LO组中华鳖稚鳖的存活率显著低于FO组（<0.05）。各组中华鳖稚鳖血浆中葡萄糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平无显著差异（ACACA）的表达水平，上调了中华鳖-499的表达水平（-23b的表达水平（<0.05）。FO+PI组和TO组的稚鳖肝脏细胞内脂滴空泡较少，同时TO显著影响了肠道组织的黏膜褶。结论认为，相比于鱼油组，在饲料中添加10%茶籽油、亚麻籽油和添加75 mg/kg碘酸钾不会引起稚鳖生长差异，但是亚麻籽油和碘酸钾降低了稚鳖的存活率，茶籽油和碘酸钾影响肝脏的脂类代谢。

Effects of dietary lipid sources and potassium iodate on growth, survival rate, liver and gut histomorphology, and lipid metabolism in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different lipid sources and potassium iodate in diets on the growth, survival rate, liver and gut histomorphology, lipid metabolism gene expression, and microRNA expression of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle (). Four diets were prepared on the basis of fish oil (FO), fish oil + potassium iodate (FO + PI), tea seed oil (TO), and linseed oil (LO). All diets contained 10% oil and potassium iodate with the concentration of 75 mg/kg. The diets were fed to the turtles (mean body weight:5.06±0.05 g) for 66 days. The results showed that the survival rate of juvenile turtles in FO + PI and LO groups was significantly lower than that in the FO group, and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the FO + PI group and TO group was also significantly reduced. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels among the groups. Turtles fed the FO + PI diet significantly downregulated the gene expression of -23b, -499. The TO diet significantly downregulated the expression of and upregulated the expression of microRNA-23b. There were fewer lipid vacuoles in the liver cells from the FO + PI group and the TO group. In addition, the TO diet significantly altered the morphology of mucosal folds in the intestines of the turtles. It was concluded that different lipid sources and potassium iodate in the juvenile turtle diets had no significant effect on their growth. However, linseed oil and potassium iodate affected their survival rate, while tea seed oil and potassium iodate influenced lipid metabolism in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles.