脱脂黑水虻虫粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

本实验旨在探讨脱脂黑水虻(Hermetia illucens)虫粉(DBSFLM)替代鱼粉(FM)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。实验设计6组等氮(粗蛋白45%)等脂(粗脂肪10%)饲料,用黑水虻脱脂虫粉分别替代饲料中0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉蛋白,分别记为G0、G20、G40、G60、G80和G100。选用2160尾平均体重为(50.08±3.31)g的大黄鱼幼鱼随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复120尾,在室内水泥池(2 m×1 m×1 m)进行为期7周的投喂实验。结果表明:(1) G100组大黄鱼幼鱼存活率显著低于其他实验组, G40组大黄鱼增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)均显著高于其他组(P0.05);(2)大黄鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量随着DBSFLM替代FM水平的增加而下降,替代40%及以上鱼体粗蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05);肌肉的粗脂肪和粗灰分含量则随DBSFLM替代FM水平的增加而升高,其中替代60%及以上鱼体粗脂肪和粗灰分含量显著升高(P0.05);(3)随着替代水平的升高(40%),大黄鱼血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著上升(P0.05),甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(CHOL)水平显著下降(P0.05);(4)G20组大黄鱼肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及G40组实验鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均为最高,G40组大黄鱼肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量最低。过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着DBSFLM替代FM水平升高呈现下降趋势,替代40%及以上CAT活性显著下降(P0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,脱脂黑水虻虫粉替代饲料中40%鱼粉蛋白对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长性能、体成分及健康状况无负面影响。

Effect of substitution of fish meal with defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on growth, body composition, serum biochemical parameters, and antioxidant capacity of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (DBSFLM) on growth, body composition, serum biochemical parameters, and antioxidant capacity of juvenile large yellow croakers (). Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated by replacing 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of FM protein with DBSFLM (named as G0, G20, G40, G60, G80, and G100, respectively). A total of 2160 juvenile large yellow croakers with an initial body weight of (50.08±3.31) g were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates, and 120 individuals for each replicate. Fish were reared in an indoor cement tank (2 m×1 m×1 m) and were hand-fed each diet to apparent satiation twice daily for 7 weeks. The results showed that survival rate of G100 was significantly lower than the other experimental groups (<0.05). Weight gain rates, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio in the G40 group were all significantly higher than those in the other groups (<0.05). The muscle crude protein content decreased as the DBSFLM replacement level was increased, particularly when the replacement level exceeded 40% (<0.05). Crude lipid and crude ash content significantly increased when replacement level reached over 60% (<0.05). The activity of serum ALT and AST significantly increased, and serum TG and cholesterol levels significantly decreased with the increase of the replacement level (<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of fish liver in the G20 group and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in the G40 group were the highest among all groups. The lowest liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content was found in the G40 group. The catalase (CAT) activity decreased and was significantly lower when replacement level exceeded 40% (<0.05). In conclusion, up to 40% of DBSFLM may successfully replace FM in diets for juvenile large yellow croakers, without adverse effects on growth performance, body composition, and health status.