4个企鹅珍珠贝F3选育系的生长存活差异及其生长规律

为比较企鹅珍珠贝（Röding，1798）]海南金唇选育系（GLHH）、海南白唇选育系（WLHH）、广西金唇选育系（GLGG）和广西白唇选育系（WLGG）的生长存活差异，及了解4个选育系的生长规律，自2018年1月底至2018年12月底连续监测养殖于海南陵水黎族自治县新村港的4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系F₃的存活率及其壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长和体重的生长情况。使用单因素方差分析和生长模型拟合等方法对数据进行分析。结果显示，4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系的生长及存活率存在显著差异（<0.05），海南金唇选育系的生长及存活率最优，广西白唇选育系的生长及存活率最差，表明企鹅珍珠贝的生长存活可能与环境、贝龄、壳色和地理种群有关。SGompertz生长模型为企鹅珍珠贝5个生长性状的通用生长模型。研究表明，4个企鹅珍珠贝选育系的生长规律存在差异，且企鹅珍珠贝5个生长性状的生长规律存在差异，其中壳长和铰合线长的生长拐点出现得最早，分别出现在7.9（GLHH）~8.5（WLHH）月龄和7.9（GLHH）~9.1（WLGG）月龄；其次是壳高和壳宽，生长拐点分别出现在11.6（GLHH）~15.9（WLGG）月龄和11.8（GLHH）~14.3（WLGG）月龄时；体重的生长拐点出现得最晚，在15.8（GLHH）~18.7（WLGG）月龄。该研究结果表明海南金唇选育系早期生长阶段具有高存活率和优良的生长性能，广西白唇选育系可能具有最大的生长潜力（生长性状的生长极限最大），本研究可为企鹅珍珠贝的良种选育、健康养殖及优质珍珠的生产提供借鉴。

Differences in growth and survival rates among four F3 breeding lines of Pteria penguin and their growth patterns

(Röding, 1798) is an important pearl oyster species used to breed seawater pearls in China because it has advantageous characteristics, such as large size, high pearl secretion and growth rates, strong environmental adaptability, and a high survival rate. Previous research on mainly focused on artificial seedlings, oyster culturing, pearl cultivation, morphology, behavioral science, and histology. There have been no reports on the golden-lip and white-lip breeding lines, and there have been few reports on the growth and development of . Our group found that there was a wide diversity of the colors at the edge of the nacre shell of during the breeding phase and that four breeding lines (two geographic populations and two kinds of lip color) had developed. This study compared the differences in growth and survival rates among the Hainan golden-lip breeding line (GLHH), the Hainan white-lip breeding line (WLHH), the Guangxi golden-lip breeding line (GLGG), and the Guangxi white-lip breeding line (WLGG) of pearl oyster , and investigated the growth patterns of the four breeding lines. The survival rate, the shell length, shell height, shell width, hinge length, and body weight of the four F₃ breeding lines, which had been cultured at Xincun Port, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, were continuously monitored from January 2018 to the end of December 2018, and one-way ANOVA and growth model fitting were used to analyze the data. The one-way ANOVA results showed significant differences in the growth and survival rates of the four shell color breeding lines ( < 0.05). The growth and survival rate of the Hainan golden lip breeding line was the best, and the growth of the Guangxi white lip breeding line was the worst. The results also indicated that the growth and survival of may related to the environment, age, shell color, and geographical population. The SGompertz growth model is a universal growth model for the five growth traits. The study showed that there were differences in the growth patterns of the four breeding lines, and there were differences among the growth patterns for the five growth traits. The growth inflection points of the shell length and hinge length appeared first, at 7.9 (GLHH)-8.5 (WLHH) and 7.9 (GLHH)-9.1 (WLGG) months old months old, followed by shell height and shell width. The growth inflection point appeared at 11.6 (GLHH)-15.9 (WLGG) months old and 11.8 (GLHH)-14.3 (WLGG) months old, and the body weight growth inflection point appeared at 15.8 (GLHH)−18.7 (WLGG) months old. The results of this study indicated that the Hainan golden-lip breeding line had a high survival rate and excellent growth performance during the early growth stage, and that the Guangxi white-lip breeding line may have the greatest growth potential (the growth limit of growth traits was the largest). The results also provide a reference for the breeding of and the production of high-quality pearls.