鳜视觉和侧线感觉调控捕食行为的动态观察

鳜（Siniperca chuatsi）具有独特的捕食习性。为研究鳜捕食行为相关主要感觉——视觉和侧线感觉调控的捕食行为特征，利用高速摄像与感官抑制技术对鳜的独特捕食行为进行了分析，将实验鳜分为4组：G_C（对照组，视觉与侧线感觉均具备），G_V（只有视觉），G_L（只有侧线感觉）和G_DS（视觉、侧线感觉均不具备）4组。对各组鳜投喂饵料鱼，并利用高速摄像技术对单位时间内鳜的捕食行为进行动态观察与分析。结果表明，鳜在捕食行为中表现出5种捕食模式：直接攻击型、跟踪-弹射型、跟踪-偏移型、弹射型、偏移型，其中，直接攻击型、跟踪-弹射型、弹射型捕食模式主要由视觉控制，跟踪-偏移型、偏移型主要由侧线感觉控制。在视觉、侧线感觉均具备时优先利用视觉捕食，捕食行为趋于简化，相反，鳜仅利用侧线感觉捕食时，捕食行为变得复杂而多样；鳜在捕食时所表现出的各种捕食行为模式是其具有独特摄食习性的重要原因。上述研究为解读鳜特殊捕食行为的形成机制提供了重要资料。

Predation behavior of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) regulated by visual and lateral line sensory

Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), which are economically important in China, have a unique predatory habit. They feed on live bait and are only sensitive to moving targets, but have diverse and complex predatory behavior. This study aims to understand the unique predatory behavior of mandarin fish via the visual and lateral line sensory systems. Predatory behavior was studied using a high-speed camera and sensory inhibition techniques. Four experimental groups (vision only, lateral line sensation only, no vision or lateral line sensation, and control group) were created, and the predatory behavior was analyzed. Compared to other predatory fishes, the predatory behavior of mandarin fish is unique and complex. Four main movements were observed during predation:direct strike, tracking, caudal peduncle bend, and whole-body bend. The different predatory movements formed five patterns:direct-attack, track-catapult, track-deviate, catapult, and deviate types. The direct-attack, track-catapult, and catapult types were regulated by vision, while the track-deviate and deviate types were regulated by lateral line sensation. When both vision and lateral line sensation were available, the predation behavior was simplified but became complex and diverse when only lateral line sensation was available. Various mandarin fish predatory behaviors may account for its unique feeding habits and ensure a high success rate. These results allow a better understanding of the special predatory behavior of mandarin fish and provide a theoretical basis for improving the production process.