虾夷扇贝三倍体诱导与培育技术的研究

取繁殖期虾夷扇贝（Patinopecten yessoensis)亲体，采用阴干、流水和升温海水催产以及小水体、高密度、雌雄分池排放、人工授精的方法，可获得批重受精卵。分别使用浓度为0．05，0．10，0．15，20，0．30，0．50和0．70mmol/L的6－DMAP诱导虾夷扇贝三倍体，实验水温分别为12℃和14℃。结果表明，水温12℃，6－DMAP0．05mmol/L时，在授精后67min处理胚胎45min诱导三倍体效果较好，三倍体率达83．3％，面盘幼虫相对孵化率达69．5％；水温12℃和14℃时，6－DMAP可诱导17．3％－100．0％的三倍体面盘幼虫；6－DMAP处理组胚胎发育至面盘幼虫的时间比对照组慢，故应推迟1d选优；处理组幼虫初始壳长、壳高及日生长速度皆高于对照组；6－DMAP的残留人影响处理幼虫的成活率，用0．2ml/L的DMSO海水浸洗处理可减轻6－DMAP的副作用。

Induced triploidy in scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and the larval cultivation

Triploid was induced in Patinopecten yessoensis using6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) at different concentration levels: 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70 mmol/L. The water temperature was designed at 12℃ and 14℃, respectively. At both temperatures the triploidy larva rate got to 17.3%～100%. An optimum effect could be got at water temperature 12℃ and 6-DMAP concentration 0.05 mmol/L when the treatment began at 67 th minute after the fertilization and went on for 45 min that the triploidy maxima was 83.3% and the corresponding hatching rate of veliger larvae was 69.5%. The residue of 6-DMAP can affect the survival of triploidy larvae but the side effect can be lightened by using of DMSO at 2 ml/L sea water for 5 d. The embryos in 6-DMAP-treated groups grow more slowly than those in control during their developing into veligers, so the treated larvae should be selected 1 day later for cultivation compared with the control. The initial shell length and height, as well as the daily growth rate of the larvae in treated groups are all higher than those in control.