峡江水利枢纽鱼道过鱼效果的初步研究

为了解峡江水利枢纽鱼道过鱼效果, 采用张网法和截堵法, 于 2019 年 10 月、2020 年 1 月、2020 年 4 月、 2020 年 8 月对峡江水利枢纽鱼道的过鱼效果开展季度调查。鱼道内共采集鱼类 4605 尾, 计 42 种, 隶属于 4 目、9 科、34 属, 以中小型鱼类为主, 体长范围为 2.3~48.5 cm, 优势种为宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)、 蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), 数量比分别占总数的 17.24%、 14.26%、6.86%、5.78%、4.89%。鱼道内洄游性鱼类有草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)、 似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)。鱼类的过鱼数量呈季节性变化, 其中夏季过鱼数量最多, 占总数的 42.23%; 冬季过鱼数量最少, 占总数的 11.69%, 影响过鱼的主要因素为水温和水位。有 42 种鱼通过峡江水利枢纽鱼道的入口, 与其他鱼道相比, 峡江水利枢纽鱼道过鱼种类较多。研究结果可为鱼道优化与有效运行提供参考数据, 对保护赣江渔业资源有重要意义。

Effects of fish passing through the fishway of the Xiajiang Water Control Project

The fishway of the Xiajiang Hydro-Junction was built to meet the needs of breeding and over-wintering migratory fish. To alleviate the effects of its operation, netting and interception methods were used to conduct surveys to determine the effects of the fish passage at the Xiajiang Hydro-Junction during October 2019, January 2020, April 2020, and August 2020. A total of 4605 fishes was collected, including 42 species belonging to 4 orders, 9 families, and 34 genera, mainly small- and medium-sized fishes. The body length ranged from 2.3 cm to 48.5 cm. The dominant species were Zacco platypus, Squalidus argentatus, Saurogobio dabryi, Culter alburnus, and Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, accounting for 17.24%, 14.26%, 6.86%, 5.78%, and 4.89%, respectively. The migratory fishes in the fishway included Ctenopharyngodon idella, Squaliobarbus curriculus, Pseudobrama simoni, and Anguilla japonica. The number of passing fish varied seasonally and was the highest during summer, accounting for 42.23% of the total, whereas the number was the lowest during winter, accounting for 11.69% of the total. Factors affecting fish passing were mainly water temperature and water level. There were 42 species of fish passing through the entrance of the fishway of the Xiajiang Hydro-Junction. There were more species of fishes passing through the fishway of the Xiajiang Hydro-Junction than those through other fishways. These results will provide reference data for the optimization and effective operation of fishways, which could have implications in the protection of fishery resources in the Ganjiang River.