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基于DNA条码基因的鳢科鱼类系统进化与物种鉴定
引用本文:赵建,梁宏伟,孙博,李伟,朱新平,叶朝阳,上官清,陈昆慈.基于DNA条码基因的鳢科鱼类系统进化与物种鉴定[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(4):793-802.
作者姓名:赵建  梁宏伟  孙博  李伟  朱新平  叶朝阳  上官清  陈昆慈
作者单位:中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室;中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所;中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所中国水产科学研究院特殊生境鱼类种质特性与抗逆育种重点实验室;上海海洋大学水产与生命学院
基金项目:科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110700);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2014A11);广州市珠江科技新星专项(201710010174).
摘    要:鳢科(Channidae)鱼类在亚洲分布广泛,其中中国的土著种类是重要养殖品种,国外很多种类主要作为观赏鱼引进我国。本研究利用线粒体COΙ基因序列,对分布于我国的鳢科鱼类不同种群样本序列,及在Gen Bank中获得其他鳢科鱼类的序列进行分析,探讨其作为DNA条形码基因对鳢科进行物种鉴定和系统进化分析的可行性。通过对本研究采集的149个鳢样本和122条Gen Bank中已有序列进行分析,结果显示,所研究的鳢科鱼类的COΙ基因576 bp片段中不存在碱基插入缺失现象,其平均碱基含量A+T(51.4%)高于G+C含量(48.6%),存在偏倚性;多态位点占47.2%。利用Mega 6.0软件基于Kimura’s 2-parameter模型计算25种鳢种内平均遗传距离为0.028,其中巴卡鳢(Channidae barca)种内遗传距离最大,为0.137,超过了某些种间遗传距离;种间遗传距离为0.030~0.302,平均为0.217。其中最大距离0.302为饰鳍鳢(Channidae ornatipinnis)和黑体鳢(Channidae melasoma)之间,甚至超过了与外群之间的距离。利用邻接法(Neighbour-Joining,NJ)和最大似然法(Maximum Likelihood Tree,ML)分别构建系统进化树,同种个体获得较高支持率,而不同种间的关系支持率较低,同时发现存在由多个种组成的巴卡鳢和南鳢复合支系。本研究表明,进行我国土著鳢科鱼类物种鉴定时COI基因是有效的工具,而进行外来观赏鱼鉴定,尤其是巴卡鳢、斯氏鳢等物种进行鉴定时,需结合多方面信息;COI基因不适合鳢科鱼类种间遗传进化关系的研究。

关 键 词:  线粒体COI基因  DNA条码
修稿时间:2018/8/20 0:00:00

Phylogenetic and species identification analysis on the snakeheads (Channidae) based on the DNA barcoding sequence
ZHAO Jian,LIANG Hongwei,SUN Bo,LI Wei,ZHU Xinping,YE Zhaoyang,SHANGGUAN Qing,CHEN Kunci.Phylogenetic and species identification analysis on the snakeheads (Channidae) based on the DNA barcoding sequence[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(4):793-802.
Authors:ZHAO Jian  LIANG Hongwei  SUN Bo  LI Wei  ZHU Xinping  YE Zhaoyang  SHANGGUAN Qing  CHEN Kunci
Institution:1. Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China;2. Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China;3. Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150001, China;4. College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Abstract:Snakeheads are of important cultural value as ornamental fishes in China. In this study, the mitochondrial COI (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) gene fragments 576 bp long were used to analyze the phylogenetic and diversity of snakeheads in and out of China, to probe the probability of the COI gene to be used as a barcoding sequence for species identification. Including 149 specimens of different geographic populations of C. argus, C. maculata, C. asiatica, and C. gachua native to China, and 122 sequences of other species downloaded from GenBank, a total of 271 snakehead individuals of 25 species, were analyzed. Of all the sequences, no insertion-deletion sites existed. The average content of A+T (51.4%) was higher than that of G+C (48.6%). The average intraspecies genetic distance was 0.028, but reached 0.137 in C. barca, which was higher than some interspecies distances. The interspecies distances ranged from 0.030 to 0.302, with an average of 0.217. The largest distance exists between C. ornatipinnis and C. melasoma, exceeding some distances to outgroup. Phylogenetic trees based on the neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood method were constructed. Most individuals from the same species formed a monophyly, and high bootstrap values were obtained for them, but this was not the case for several other species. However, the relationships of species have low bootstrap values, indicating improper phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene for snakeheads. Furtherly, a C. barca compound and a C. gachua compound were formed according to the phylogenetic trees. The results of this research indicate that the COI gene is proper for the species identification of native species of snakeheads in China, but more information regarding imported ornamental snakeheads is needed.
Keywords:snakeheads (Channidae)  mitochondrial COI gene  DNA barcoding
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