鱼类好斗性分子调控机制的研究进展

好斗性是一种适应性行为特征,对于配偶、食物和领地的竞争以及社群等级的建立非常重要。其中社群等级不仅在一定程度上反映了个体的生理状况,也避免了过度的好斗行为带来的相应伤害,所以好斗性也是一种处于稳定性选择的特征。在遗传学上,好斗性作为一种数量性状,在包括人在内的各种动物中均表现出了较高的遗传率。但是好斗行为的表现却受环境和遗传因素的共同影响,因此有必要将人类和不同物种的好斗性研究相结合,才能更好地解释动物好斗性复杂的分子调控机制。本文介绍了鱼类好斗性的判别方法,并综述了与鱼类好斗性相关的分子通路及基因类别的研究概况,内容包括5-羟色胺通路、多巴胺通路、组胺通路、生长激素抑制素通路、一氧化氮通路、下丘脑-神经垂体系统通路、下丘脑-垂体-肾间轴通路、下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴通路和其他相关基因,以期为深入研究鱼类好斗性分子调控机制提供一定的理论参考。

Recent progress in the molecular regulation mechanism of aggression in fish

Aggression is an adaptive behavioral trait that is important in the competition for mating partners, food, and territories and in the establishment of social hierarchies. Dominance hierarchies not only reflect fitness, but also prevent the need for continued aggression and associated risk of injury. Therefore, aggression is also a trait under stabilizing selection. From genetics perspective, aggression is a quantitative trait. High heritability estimates for aggressive behavior have been observed in many species, including human being. Similar to other behaviors, the display of extent of aggression is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. To understand the genetic architecture of aggression, it is necessary to integrate human genetics studies with studies on other organisms. Herein, we reviewed the molecular pathways and gene types related to aggression in fish, including 5-hydroxy tryptamine, dopamine, histamine, somatostatin, nitric oxide, hypothalamo-neurohypophysial, hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal, and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal pathways, and several other genes. Furthermore, we also describe the discriminant method of aggression in fish, which provides a theoretical basis for further studies in the molecular regulation mechanism of aggression in fish.