崂山湾春季鱼类群落的摄食生态及其主要种类

崂山湾位于黄海的胶州湾和丁字湾之间,海湾开阔,是当前增殖放流的重点海域。根据2014年5月在崂山湾海域进行的底拖网调查,分析了该海域春季鱼类群落的种类组成和摄食生态。结果表明,崂山湾春季鱼类群落共32种鱼类,隶属8目,21科,30属;以鲈形目(Perciformes)的虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)和石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)种类最多;优势种有皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias),主要种有大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)、丝虾虎鱼(Cryptocentrus filifer)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和银鲳(Pampus argenteus)。崂山湾春季鱼类群落的种类丰富度指数R为3.19,多样性指数H′为2.34;均匀度指数J′为0.68。胃含物分析结果表明,春季崂山湾生态系统鱼类群落的平均营养级为3.52;主要包括了浮游动物食性、杂食性和底栖动物食性3种食性类型,以底栖动物食性鱼类为主。在当前捕捞、气候变化和人类活动等多重压力下,海湾生态系统承受了巨大的压力,针对不同的海湾生态系统进行基础调研,可为制订相应的增殖放流、渔业保护和管理策略提供重要科学依据。

Feeding ecology of the dominant fish species in spring in Laoshan Bay

The stock enhancement program in Laoshan Bay is vital for the Yellow Sea fisheries, and it is essential tounderstand the ecology of the release areas. The springtime species composition and diversity of the Laoshan Bay fishassemblage were determined using bottom trawl surveys conducted in May 2014. The catch included a total of 32 fishspecies in 8 orders, 21 families, and 30 genera. Perciformes were the most abundant, where Gobiidae and Sciaenidaeaccounted for 36.87% and 36.87% of total catch biomass, respectively. The index of relative importance indicated 3dominant fish speciesChaeturichthys stigmatiasHexagrammos otakii, were the next six main species and accounted for 31.98% of total catch biomass. Diversitycalculated as the Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index were3.19, 2.34, and 0.68, respectively, which were similar to those of Laizhou Bay, Jiaozhou Bay, and Haizhou Bay, althoughspecies numbers were smaller. Thus, the nine most abundant species accounted for 83.52% of total catch biomassand were also considered important for trophic relationships in the Laoshan Bay springtime fish assemblage.Stomach content analysis indicated three feeding types in the primary species, where was a zooplankivore, and the other six species were benthivores.Benthivorous fish were most abundant, accounting for 57.38% of total catch biomass. The average trophic level of thefish assemblage was 3.52, and the main food species were