胶州湾及其邻近海域鱼类群落结构及与环境因子的关系

 为了进一步研究胶州湾及其邻近水域鱼类群落结构及与环境因子的关系, 本文根据2011年冬季(2月)、春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月)在胶州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源和环境调查数据, 应用相对重要性指数、生态多样性指数和多元分析方法等研究了胶州湾鱼类群落结构及其季节变化, 并分析了胶州湾鱼类群落结构与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明: 本次调查共捕获鱼类57种, 隶属于2纲10目31科46属, 种类组成以暖温性和暖水性鱼类为主。主要优势种有方氏云鳚(Pholis fangi)和六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)等。胶州湾鱼类群落物种丰富度指数D的季节变化范围为1.02~1.65, 多样性指数H’变化范围为1.36~1.73, 均匀度指数J′变化范围为0.61~0.76。方差分析表明, 丰富度指数的季节变化显著, 而均匀度指数J′和多样性指数H′无显著性季节变化。单因子相似性(ANOSIM)分析表明, 胶州湾鱼类群落结构和种类组成存在明显的季节更替现象。相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)表明, 方氏云鳚、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、细纹狮子鱼、斑、赤鼻棱鳀和皮氏叫姑鱼等是造成群落结构季节变化的主要分歧种。典范对应分析表明, 影响胶州湾及其邻近海域鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子为水温、盐度和pH, 其次是底质类型, 条件效应分别为0.310、0.084、0.176和0.256。本研究旨在通过分析胶州湾鱼类群落结构和多样性特征及其与环境因子的关系, 为胶州湾渔业资源的保护和可持续利用提供科学依据。

Fish community structure and the relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent waters

A number of fish populations have been subject to severe fishing pressure throughout the world as demand for marine fishery products has increased. As a result, the abundance of many traditional commercial fish species has declined significantly. Climate change, overfishing, pollution, and other human activities are thought to be the primary reasons for habitat changes in certain regions, and have also played a key role in the degradation of fisheries resources. Thus, an understanding of the relationships between environmental factors and fishery communities is critical for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fishery resources. We evaluated the species composition and diversity of the fish community in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent waters using data from seasonal bottom trawl surveys collected in February, May, August, and November 2011. We used the index of relative importance (IRI), species diversity indices, and multivariate methods to determine the fish community structure over time, and the relationship between fish community structure and environmental variables. A total of 57 fish species were captured, belonging to 2 classes, 10 orders, 31 families, and 46 genera. Most of these were warm water species. The dominant fish species were etc..The Margalef species richness index ranged between 1.36 and 1.73, and the Pielou evenness indexranged from 0.61 to 0.76. The species richness index, but not the Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index, changed significantly among seasons (ANOVA). ANOSIM analysis also indicated that the fish species composition in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent waters varied significantly among seasons. The SIMPER analysis revealed that were the primary discriminating species in the fish community between seasons. The CCA suggested that water temperature, salinity and pH, followed by sediment type, had the most influence on the fish community assemblage. The species diversity indices of the fish community exhibited a stable seasonal pattern, which was consistent with the historical studies. The preference of fish species for different water temperatures may explain the seasonal variation in fish community structure in Jiaozhou Bay.The abundance of goby fish in areas with clay sediment was attributed to the presence of polychaetes, cumacea, and other benthic organisms which provided a food supply. Fish community structure was affected by the combined effects of a range of environmental factors. Further studies are needed to provide management suggestions for fishery conservation and sustainable resource exploitation.