渤海湾近海栖息地变化对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响

根据渤海湾近岸海域1987、2005及2007―2011年的Landsat TM遥感数据和最近有关的海洋大型底栖生物生态学研究成果,采用多尺度分割和最邻近分类的方法,使用e Cognition、ENVI、Arc GIS软件,分析报道了渤海湾近岸海域大型底栖动物的物种数目及其组成、丰度、生物量、多样性指数变化等与岸线、滩涂、近岸浅海变化等栖息环境变化的关系。结果表明,岸线长度、占用滩涂和近岸浅海面积与软体动物和甲壳动物种类数量所占比例以及大型底栖动物总物种数、香农–威纳指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数呈负相关关系;岸线长度、占用滩涂和近岸浅海面积与多毛类种类数量所占比例以及大型底栖动物总丰度、总生物量呈正相关关系。由此可见,渤海湾近海栖息地环境变化对大型底栖动物群落结构的变化有一定的影响。

Impact of marine habitat changes on macro-benthos communities in Bohai Bay

 Since the start of the 21st century, rapid economic coastal development and active coastal engineering have occurred in China, causing most of the coastline to contract. Large expanses of coastline, mudflats, and near-shore shallow water have been occupied, and the habitats of marine organisms have been affected. Hence, the macro-benthos is now under unprecedented pressure. This study is based on the Landsat TM remote sensing data and the nearest relative historical survey data (1987, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011) from the Tianjin near-shore region of Bohai Bay. We used the multi-resolution segmentation and nearest-neighbor classification methods, and analyzed the relationships between species composition, abundance, biomass and diversity of the macro-benthos, and the evolution of the coastline, mudflats, and near-shore shallow water in the Tianjin near-shore region of Bohai Bay using eCognition, ENVI and ArcGIS software. The results show that mudflat, near-shore occupied shallow waters, coastline increase, proportion of mollusks and crustaceans, total species numbers in the macro-benthos, Shannon-wiener index, abundance index, and evenness index are all negatively correlated with each other. In contrast, mudflat, near-shore occupied shallow water, coastline increase, polychaete proportions, total macro-benthos abundance and biomass were all positively correlated with each other. It is evident that changes in the marine habitat have had a significant impact on macro-benthos communities in Bohai Bay.